Substantiation of the parameters of the flat cutting knives of the combined aggregate
Tukhtakuziev A.(1), Nurabaev J.J.(2)
(1)Scientific-Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Tashkent
(2)Karakalpak Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology, Nukus

The article presents the results of studies on the theoretical justification of the parameters of flat-cutting knives for strip tillage before sowing a combined aggregate. To simultaneously prepare the land for sowing and ensure energy saving, as well as minimal and careful tillage, we have developed a combined unit that performs strip tillage and sowing in one pass through the field. As the working bodies of the unit for strip tillage, a section of working bodies consisting of flat-cutting knives and a roller was adopted. According to the results of theoretical studies, the parameters of the flat-cutting knives of the combined unit for highquality tillage with minimal energy consumption should be: the angle of installation to the direction of movement is in the range from 30° to 32°30', the sharpening angle is in the range of 25-32°, the longitudinal distance between them is less than 25 cm, and the transverse distance should be 30 cm, the width of the grip should be 18 cm, and the sharpening angle of the blades is 20°.

Methods of increasing the productivity of small horn diggers
Rajamurodov Z.T.(1), Akhrorov M.N.(2)
(1)Samarkand State University
(2)Samarkand State Medical University

The article is based on the results of a study of the effect of short-term, low-intensity laser radiation on the meat yield of young lambs in the farm "Gulandom ona" of the Kushrabot district of the Samarkand region. The importance of the article is that in technological processes of care of male lambs separated from their mother (milk) to increase their productivity and durability, the selected water is due to the growth of the animal organism and the increase of the non-specific resistance of the organism due to exposure to short-term low-intensity laser radiation. It is explained by the fact that it is possible to grow high-quality products at low cost. Another important aspect is the use of the biophysical method as a biological stimulator to obtain sufficient quality products from lambs that are not used in breeding and to increase the ability to grow competitive products in the field of livestock. thoughts and opinions on increasing the efficiency of the field, which have a positive effect on the strengthening of the body's defense system, are highlighted.

Growing of carrot crops as a repeated crop
Palvaniyazova G.A.
Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agro-Technology, Nukus

This article talks about the issue of food security in our republic, how to fully satisfy the population's demand for vegetable and vegetable products, and how to grow more products through the effective use of land. The article also talks about the technologies of growing carrots as a repeated crop. In the recurring period, mainly carrots, beets, white cabbage and cauliflower, onions, radishes, turnips, cucumbers, garlic and green vegetables and potatoes are grown. Today, cultivation of crops such as melons, watermelons, sweet peppers, broccoli, arugula from vegetable crops is the basis for increasing the variety of repeated crops and the production volume of these crops. As a repeated crop, land areas with a light mechanical composition are mainly allocated for the cultivation of carrot crops. Soil acidity should be neutral or low (pH 5.5-7). A higher yield can also be obtained when carrots are planted as a repeat crop. Vegetables such as cucumbers, onions, tomatoes, early potatoes, cabbage can be planted with organic fertilizers in time, and carrots can be grown as a repeat crop on the vacant land after winter or spring grain crops.

The effectiveness of the comined application of mineral and organic fertilizers in growing cabbage
Sabyrbaeva A.D.
Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agro-Technology, Nukus

The article mentions that the combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers, while increasing the productivity of cabbage, has a significant effect on the quality indicators of the crop. The key to success in growing any crop is proper agricultural technology. The main outdoor activities for cabbage are fertilizing and watering. Cabbage responds well to the use of mineral and organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers provide plants with mineralized nutrients. Of course, the use of fertilizers is one of the powerful factors of agricultural intensification. In all countries of the highly developed agricultural world, about half of the yield is obtained due to the rational, scientifically based use of fertilizers. The efficiency of using fertilizers is mainly determined by the optimal ratio of macro and micronutrients in the soil. At the same time, agricultural intensification increases the need for micronutrients. In soils with a low and moderate amount of trace elements, their introduction can increase the yield by 10-15% or more, and significantly improve the quality of the product. Also, today most agricultural producers do not dispute the need to use microfertilizers. Their effectiveness has already been confirmed by many tests and practical use in different regions of the country. Technological, economic and environmental aspects are usually taken into account when determining the method of application of such drugs.

Morfobiology and pollen structure of Catalpa Bignonioides
Dosjanova G.D.(1), Jumayeva Z.U.(2), Tursunboyev H.E.(1), Ochilov U.A.(2), Kerimbaeva A.A.(1)
(1)Каrakalpak State University, Nukus
(2)Samarkand State University

The article provides information about the morphobiology of Catalpa bignonioides Walter, mainly the appearance (crown) is pyramidal, spherical, rounded, it is found that in the city of Nukus there are many shrubs with a spherical crown, they make up 70% of all studied catalps, and in the city of Samarkand, in catalps this ratio is 50-50%, half of them have spherical shape, and half of them are reported to have a pyramidal shape. Their leaves are large, pointed, oblong-ovate, smooth, blooms every year in April-May. The fruit is a long tuberous fruit that ripens in October, information about the structural properties of flower pollen is provided. The article describes the catalpa flowering process, which depends on the age of the plant, geographical location and climatic conditions, since the flowering process is based on the complex effects of air temperature, humidity and other abiotic factors, in addition, insects are of great importance in the flowering phase, since the catalpa is considered an entomophilic plant. It is also stated that one flower can bloom for 10-15 days, one tree for 18-22 days, in addition, the phenomenon of secondary flowering was observed in catalpa species. The flowering process is analyzed and the phenology of Catalpa bignonioides Walter as an allergenic tree is compiled. It also provides information about the importance of wood dust in nature and human activity.

Soil and climatic conditions of medicinal plant Momordica charantia L.
Turgunov J.R.
Andijan State University

Soil like other natural bodies, has a number of physical and physical-mechanical properties. Studying and determining the most important physical properties of the soil will greatly help in the application of appropriate measures to increase soil productivity. Before studying the physical and physical-mechanical properties of the soil, it is necessary to determine its mechanical composition and structure. Depending on the mechanical composition of the soil, that is, the relative amount of particles of different sizes in the solid body, the chemical composition, physical-mechanical and other properties of the soil are determined. It changes. This affects the soil structure, as well as tillage, cultivation and irrigation. The mechanical composition of the soil mainly consists of particles of different sizes. These particles are divided into five groups. When analyzing the mechanical composition of the soil, these groups are separated from each other. Then, depending on the relative amount of mechanical elements, the mechanical composition of the soil is determined. When determining soil humus and its total amount, the soil contains a certain amount of remains of plants, animals and microorganisms. These are the main source of substances in the form of organic compounds in the soil. The organic residues accumulated in the soil slowly rot, its appearance and chemical composition change, and a complex new compound is formed. These complex organic compounds formed as a result of the decay of the residues are called humus. there is a lot of humus, which is mainly collected in the upper layer of the earth. In our research, the mechanical and chemical properties of the soil were comprehensively analyzed.

Reflection of literary life on the pages of the press of Karakalpakstan in the 1930s
Nurjanov S.U.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article examines some aspects of the literary life of Karakalpakstan in the 1930s. Its evolution was closely connected with the organization of cultural life and the creation of new forms that would correspond to the political tasks of the Soviet government. The discussion was caused by the assertion of a single method of Soviet literature — socialist realism. At the same time, the newspaper's editorial office served as an association of writers and poets. The author examines literary life through publications in the periodical press of that time, which, together with archival and other historical sources, can act as important carriers of historical information.

Problems and disadvantages of the introduction of modern medicine in Turkestan
Jumanazarov Kh.
Institute of History of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent

This article discusses the problems faced by the Governor-General of Turkestan in the implementation of modern medicine in the country and the mistakes made by the government. In particular, the colonial government set up new medical facilities in areas where many Europeans lived, set prices for services after a certain period of time, installed medical facilities in buildings not intended for this area, and did not provide medical care. sufficient funds for the activities of institutions not covered. As the second side of the question, it is based on the fact that due to training problems, the lack of a local training mechanism, as well as the complex tasks assigned to doctors from the center, they have little time to decisions with their main job - treatment, which created obstacles for the Turkestanis to receive adequate medical care.

During the Second World War, the son of Karakalpak, who challenged the soldiers to bravery
Mustafaeva N.A.
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

The article provides information about the life of Kalli Aimbetov, one of the founders of Korakalpok folklore. His life was related to the socio-political, economic and cultural events that took place in the year of the council. The activity of the scientist during the war was recorded in a wide format.

Katastroika in Karakalpakstan and its reflection in the ecological, socio-economic, cultural and political spheres of society
Saparniyazov A.
Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Humanitarian of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In this article, the author, without claiming to be exhaustive, talks about the problems of socio-economic, cultural and political life of Karakalpakstan during the "Perestroika" period. Also, in this article authortalksabout the Aral crisis, which is a direct consequence of the destructive policy of the Soviet government, as well as one of the global environmental disasters of our time. In the process of studying historiographical materials, special attention is paid to the works of foreign authors, which contain such important data about the research topic. When writing the article, traditional methods of source studies and concrete historical research were used. First of all, a set of methods of scientific criticism of sources is used in order to extract information from them and recreate events reflecting the socio-economic, cultural and political history of Karakalpakstan of the studied period. Of course, interest in knowledge and scientific research of the above issues on the basis of a new focus of view can lead to a radical renewal of the socio-economic and spiritual spheres of life of our society. Such interest, as a rule, is due to both the desire to assess the current state of our society by searching for the deep origins of historical processes of the past, and attempts to understand it based on assessments of social phenomena and processes that we are witnessing. From this point of view, the pages of the socio-economic and cultural-political history of Karakalpakstan against the background of the Aral Sea problem are especially instructive.

Restoration scholl of the State museum of arts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan named after I.V. Savitsky
Ulmasov A.F.
Fine Arts Institute of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent

The article is devoted to the restorers of the Karakalpakstan State Art Museum named after I.V. Savitsky, one of the largest museums in Uzbekistan. In particular, the formation and development of the museum's restoration laboratory, the life and scientific and practical activities of restorers are briefly described. In particular, some aspects of the activities of experienced restorers A. Kwon, A. Shpade, E. Dzholdasov and other specialists, as well as the founder of the museum, the permanent I.V., are highlighted. Savitsky, who made a worthy contribution to the formation and development of the museum restoration laboratory.

Defense fortresses in the Khiva Khanate in the 18th–19th centuries and their importance in military work
Gulboev N.N.
Institute of History Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

The article describes defensive structures of the Khiva Khanate in the 18th -19th centuries and their importance in military affairs, in part importance of the “Ichan Kala” and “Dishan Kala” fortresses, as well as the detachment guarded their gates and other fortifications. First of all, castles were built by rulers in order to ensure their personal safety, and later, with the growth of the population, their importance increased, and they were further strengthened. Defensive fortresses in many countries were built to protect people from invasion of external enemies, to conduct trade and ensure the safety of the population. Due to their locations and constructions, these forts had a great importance both as a capital and as fortification. In particular, the fortresses built during the Khiva Khanate served as a defense during military battles. Fortresses were used as protection from the enemy, weapons and ammunition were stored in them, the shooting was carried out from their loopholes, and the towers were used to monitor the surrounding area.

Social reconstruction of the village of Karakalpakstan 1946-1980
Tajieva R.S.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article deals with the issues of social development and changes in rural areas of Karakalpakstan in the period 1946- 1980. The relevance of research on the history of the development of the agricultural sector, social issues of rural development of the republic is conditioned by the need to rethink the key problems committed in agriculture during the Soviet period. The article pays special attention to the problem of liquidation of the farm system in the republic. The social reconstruction of villages and villages of Karakalpakstan was one of the most important measures of the Soviet government. The issues of the social status of a rural resident, the state of infrastructure in villages, the measures of the authorities to resettle the inhabitants of farms in new settlements are highlighted. The root causes of these problems are analyzed, which are supported by archival materials and statistical data.The author focuses on the fact that the state has made attempts to solve these problems, but they have not yielded significant results. It is noted that during these years agricultural production did not move forward at such a rapid pace, the state of agriculture hindered the social reconstruction of the village and the growth of the standard of living of the rural population, which remained much worse compared to urban. The social infrastructure of the village remained primitive in comparison with the achieved stage of industrialization and urbanization of society.

Positive and negative aspects of the impact of globalization on the traditional diet of Karakalpaks
Kurbanova Z.I.
Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Humanitian of the Karakalpak branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article examines the impact of globalization on the traditional diet of Karakalpaks. The author draws attention to the fact that globalization has a significant impact on traditional nutrition. On the one hand, this leads to the spread and availability of various products and dishes from different cultures. On the other hand, it can lead to the loss of some traditional dishes and ingredients, which are replaced by more popular and cheaper options. The study is based on the analysis of field materials obtained during the 2018, 2021 and 2023 field trips. The collection was carried out in Takhtakupyrsky, Chimbaysky, Muynaksky, Karauzyaksky districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, as well as the city of Nukus. It was revealed that the preference for traditional dishes is given by representatives of the older generation, young families, are open to innovations, and young students are increasingly resorting to eating fast food or eating in catering establishments. This is primarily due to the lack of time to prepare traditional dishes, which require considerable time, as well as the introduction of alien nutrition standards among young people.

Reflection of issues of ethics and aesthetics in folk tales
Oteniyazov P.J., Utebaev M.B.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Fairy tales reflect the richness of simple plots of natural phenomena, the desire for survival and human relationships. In almost all types of oral folk art, the following motives occupy a high place: a sense of tolerance between peoples, friendship, kinship, goodness, a fierce struggle for justice, etc. According to the majority of Karakalpak folklorists, these tales were recreated on the basis of real life events, which are filled with dramatic scenarios, therefore, through the prism of these fairy-tale motifs, one can discover the most important elements of the historical past and human ethics, which still have high value and relevance in the analysis of human relations. Although their heroes and characters carry different qualities, they do not seem to cancel the essence of human passions and character, which are among themselves in the dialectical unity of the struggle of opposites. Victory usually ends with the good actions of positive heroes, since these fairy tales perform an axiological function and have the correct value guidelines, especially for the younger generation of representatives of any ethnic group. According to the rules of etiquette, it is forbidden to call relatives of the husband (or woman) and close friends with accepted terms or words, since failure to comply with the norm leads to a violation of the established traditions of ancestors. The historiographical basis for our article was the materials of Karakalpak folklore, among which epics, folk tales, legends, etc. occupy a special place.

The tradition of "jay ko’mek" among the Karakalpaks (mutual assistance in the construction of houses)
Khojaniyazova G.M.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

One of the pressing issues is the tradition of mutual assistance in construction and repair work in Karakalpakstan. Therefore, we, representatives of Karakalpak ethnography, made a brief commentary on the research work on the construction of the settlement, which is considered an integral part of the material culture. Their scientific works were analyzed through comparison. The issue of “jay ko’mek” among the Karakalpaks has been studied based on comparison with the neighboring Uzbek people and specified based on field notes.We set ourselves the task of studying changes in the traditions of self-help in construction and repair work, the advantages of using such a type as “paid service”or "usta?a kesip beriw". At the same time, in our modern life, “jay ko’mek” and “ustaga kesip beriw” focus on issues of the family budget, the use of multi-storey residential buildings in urban planning, and the construction of new design solutions.

The significance of the tradition of appointing a planted father and mother among the Karakalpaks
Paxratdinov A.K.
Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Humanitarian Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

National traditions are an ancient process that arose depending on the way of life, customs and living conditions of the people. With the development of society, some of them disappear, change and update, acquire new content and are passed on from generation to generation. In this context, the tradition of the imprisoned father and mother is studied as an important problem for society. The article discusses the reasons for the appointment of a planted father and mother, according to tradition, one of the relatives or friends from the same family, as well as their duties after appointment. Such a tradition among the Karakalpaks is compared with the traditions of neighboring peoples. In addition, with the development of society, attention is focused on the factors influencing changes that have a new content and a new type of tradition. Issues such as a deeper study of the tradition, which serves to ensure the strength of young families by providing the right advice from the lessons of marriage to the newlyweds and communicating its importance to the future generation, were raised.

Anthropological approach in studying the problems of social transformation under the conditions of globalization (on the example of Karakalpakstan)
Saytov A.T.
Karakalpak Research Institute oft he Humanitarian of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences oft he Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Today, one of the key factors determining the development of the world economy is the globalization processes of our time. By changing the structure of traditional society, social transformation is shaping a new society. Social transformations and incremental changes affecting each individual need theoretical reflection. The generally accepted concept of globalization - "universal human values" sometimes contradict local traditions and the identity of the peoples of the region. The author, identifying these problems, gives views of «ordinary people» on social transformation of society. Expanding the horizon of knowledge with the help of oral sources, reflects the mentality and everyday life of the people. Analyzing the stories of respondents, the author reveals that in the context of globalization, the former values are transformed into new ones, corresponding to the new world realities. The national traditions and cultural identity of the people are losing their depth.

Medieval metalworking crafts of Khorezm in written sources
Turganov B.K.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The economic development of medieval society is closely connected with production relations in the fields of handicrafts, the study of which is one of the pressing issues of history and archeology. Despite the fact that medieval Khorezm was one of the oases of Central Asia with a developed structure of crafts, research on its metalworking production, which serves as one of the defining signs of urbanization and civilized development and occupied a special place in the economic and cultural life of medieval societies, still continues remain virtually unexplored. In the economic life of medieval Khorezm, blacksmithing and artistic metal products were widely used. Metal raw materials and certain types of weapons were imported from neighboring countries, and some metal products were exported. Among them, metal products such as locks, gilded and silver saddles, harnesses, and jugs were exported from Khorezm. Since the 10th century, the process of specialization of some branches of crafts began in Khorezm. By the beginning of the 13th century, there were about 50 specialized crafts in the cities of Khorezm. During this period, the residents of Gurganj were skilled craftsmen, especially in blacksmithing and carpentry. There is brief information about the products of metalworking crafts and raw materials sources of Khorezm by Arab and Persian authors of the 10th-14th centuries. In the article, this information is systematized and discussed on the basis of archaeological and ethnographic materials.

Implementation of international environmental law in the national legal system
Rasbergenova S.A.
Tashkent State University of Law

The article is devoted to human rights to a favorable environment, which are among the fundamental natural rights that are important in the modern conditions of globalization. The concept of environmental rights, their scope, place in the general system of human and civil rights are analyzed. The regularities of classification of the principles of international environmental law are characterized. The legislative provision of environmental human rights, guarantees and the mechanism for their implementation in national and international law are disclosed. Particular attention is paid to the latest changes in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Folk performance after the birth of a hero in epics
Isakov R.U.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In Karakalpak folk heroic epics, rituals after birth acquire a vital character. That is, more attention is paid to the main rituals, such as choosing a name, circumcision, etc., revealing the image of the future batyr. Based on such rituals, the foundations of pre-Islamic cultures were preserved. This indicates that the foundations of the Karakalpak national epics go back to ancient times. In the Karakalpak heroic epics, saints and elders with supernatural abilities also take part in choosing a name for a child. Because here the main emphasis is not on the child’s name, but on the fact that he was born a gifted child. Also presenting an award or gift, who announced the birth of a child, organizing a wedding for a parent who was without children to celebrate the birth of a child after many years, scheduling a wedding with circumcision and holding ceremonies upon reaching a certain age. - These are traditions that can be found in everyday life. In the article, the author expresses his views on the peculiarities of rituals in the epic and in ordinary life.

The image of Tsar Suleiman in historical legends
Bekimbetov A.M.
Karakalpak Research institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the article, historical legends based on the image of Tsar Suleiman are considered as folk works, the purpose of which is to inform about real events and having a figurative composition of historical figures. In the Holy Koran, Suleiman is described as a prophet, the chosen one of Allah. Both in religious and apocryphal literature, Suleiman is described as an almighty king, to whom Allah granted wisdom, knowledge, power over people and the animal world. The author, based on legends widespread among the Karakalpaks such as “The Magic Ring of Anushtar of Tsar Suleiman”, “Tsar Suleiman and the Concubine”, comes to the conclusion that these legends were formed on the basis of the motif of the magic ring, which is widely known in eastern folklore monuments. According to the author of the article, in Karakalpak historical legends the image is known as the ruler of the world, the king of all those existing in the world. His Koranic prophetic image is very little known and is not inherent in Karakalpak folk legends. The existing religious legends about him are preserved only in religious literature and are known to a narrow circle of admirers of this movement. And the analysis of these legends shows them also as transformed versions of their Koranic counterparts.

Written monument «Whalers Korkut ata» and epic «Er Ziyuar»
Bekbergenova A.U.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article will talk about the relationship between the plots in the written monument "Kitaba by Korkut ata" and the dastan "Er Ziyuar." The author is guided by scientific and theoretical reasoning in the study of the similar dastans of the famous Russian scientist V.M. Zhirmunsky, the karakalpax folklorist I.Sagitov typologically comparative study of folk dastans. And also, in the article, the author specifically indicates using examples of similarity in the plots of dastans. Research, the study of typological similarity of dastans provides for the determination of their genesis, genre features. The author in the conclusion of the article notes that the study of the creations of oral folk art in folkloristic science is especially, the comparative study of the motive, plots of dastans and their study typologically is an urgent task of today.

Literary tradition and novelty in the lyrics of Uzakbay Pirzhanov
Bauetdinov M.K.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article mainly explores the artistic influence and literary traditions of classic poets Maktumquli and Ajiniyaz in the lyrics of the well-known poet U.Pirzhanov. Because the literary traditions of the representatives of Karakalpak classic lyrics occupy an important place in the work of U.Pirzhanov. The lyrics of U.Pirzhanov, who entered Karakalpak lyrics in the 60s of the last century, have not become an object of research from a scientific point of view. Therefore, in this article, we have studied the literary tradition in this poet's lyrics and the novelties added to it through the author's individual search.Using the method of comparison, we aimed to study the process of stylization in U.Pirzhanov's lyrics and individual searches in it, giving examples from the works of classical poets. The poet creates his original works by mastering the literary and artistic programs and methods of his predecessors. From this point of view, Uzaqbay Pirzhanov as a professional poet is considered to be a poet who, in addition to creating his own individual style, skillfully used the literary traditions of his predecessors. Based on this, the main attention is focused on the individual skill of U.Pirzhanov in mastering the classical style. Poems of poets on philosophical, social, and romantic topics were taken as the main object for comparison.

Art?st?c serv?ce of the plot ?n the express?on of the ?mage of the lyr?cal hero
Satbaev A.B.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article is devoted to the study of the artistic function of the plot in the disclosure of the image of the lyrical hero in poetic works in all respects. In the lyrics of prominent representatives of Karakalpak literature – Ibroyim Yusupov and Soghinboy Ibrahimov, scientific opinions were expressed about the skill of using small plots in expressing the feelings of a lyrical hero, his own style in creating subjective and objective images, as well as the use of poetic forms on a scale corresponding to the content. The artistic poetics of the lyrics of poets were also studied with the study of the internal and external composition in their poems, its importance in gaining image and the influence of poetic forms on the content in the creation of eventful poems were scientifically studied. Also, the lyric highlights from the side of the creators the fact that images from folk oral creativity and world mythology were processed and modified from the side of the authors to the plots of the event adjacent to them, and the pros and cons of this creative experience were covered using examples. In Particular, I.Yusuov's «The Life of Bozturgoy», S.Ibrahimov's «I said to Bozturgh...»the poems give the image of the same artistic image – bozturgay, but two different plots were used, which the poets approached based on their creative style, and the artistic analysis of these approaches was analyzed in every way in the article.

Ideological and thematic features of T. Kayypbergenov’s stories
Sarsenbaev K.J.
Nukus State Pedagogika Institute

The article widely explores the theme, ideological essence and genre features of T.Kayipbergenovs stories. The examples in the article are taken from the writers stories “Secretary” (“Sekretar”) and “Thank you, teacher.” (“Mu?allimge raxmet”) Also, the ideas of the works were compared with the works of other writers. When writing the article, a large volume of scientific literature was analyzed and additions were made to the ideas of the books. Сh.Aitmatov and T.Kayipbergenov lived and worked at the same time. Both writers are known to the world for their works. The works of writers are compared and studied to this day, but the study of works from the point of view of today is one of the pressing issues. In the work of A.Shamuratov, the theme of the teacher appears before T.Kayipbergenov, that is, A.Shamuratov was one of the first to create school life in Karakalpak literature, and his work expresses the old school and the old life. The novelty of T.Kaipbergenov is a new life, created in the 50s of the 20th century; his work presents the figure of a teacher who brought new life to the village. Choosing a topic for a work and approaching it in a new way is a writers skill. The theory of time should be taken into account when choosing a topic for each work. For example, the title of the story by writer T.Kayipbergenov “Secretary” (“Sekretar”) takes into account the theory of time. If we change the title of the work to "Xatker" based on today's times, if the work is published under this title, it will be ignored by the readers. The plot of this story would be incredibly implausible.

An artistic feature of the Karakalpak translation of the novel by Chingiz Aitmatov «And a day lasts longer than a century»
Berdieva B.T.
Nukus branch of the State Institute of Arts and culture of Uzbekistan

In this article, issues related to the poetics of Chingiz Aitmatov's work, some considerations regarding the art of translation were covered. Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov was not only a great representative of his time, but he was waiting for humanity throughout his life. His friendship with I.Yusupov and T.Kayipbergenov, who were the beloved members of the Karakalpak people, served as a bridge of unity for the Kyrgyz-Karagalpak people. The great Kyrgyz writer Ch.Aitmatov said: "I read I.Yusupov in Russian, I don't know what would have happened if I had read it in the original version"… "In the form of T.Kaipbergenov, I will build Berdakh, who is looking for people away from the headlines of history". The article will also mention some problems of artistic translation.

About the research on the novel "Agabiy"
Shamuratov M.Kh.
Navoi State Pedagogical Institute

The article shows the relevant information aboutthe novel "Agabiy" from scientific point of view by the writer K. Karimov.The novel depicts the life of the Karakalpaks of Bukhara in the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century - the migration of the Karakalpaks to their homeland Chimboy. The images of Kulshi Bey, who led this historical process, and Yereten Bey, a historical person who left a bright mark in the history of Karakalpaks in the 19th century, are skillfully shown by the writer. The author also pointed out the studies of professors K.Jarimbetov and P.Nurzhanov, who studied this novel scientifically. The novel is considered to be a novelty in Karakalpok literature, and the author of the article, M.Shamuratov, tried to reflect the historical processes. There as onis that the main character of the novel, Kulshi, was bornin the territory of the present Konimekh district. The fact that hew as buriedin the shrine of "Kilich Ota" and thathewas buried intheshrine of Kulshi Biy isalso mentioned. Wecansee that Marat Shamuratov wasbornin Konimekh district and Kulshi Biy was a historical figure. In conclusion, it can be said that the article based on K.Karimov's novel "Agabiy" complies with the requirements of modern literary studies.

World experience in the Karakalpak tragedy
Sherzhanova F.K.
Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Nukus

The article talked about the creation of the genre of tragedy in the Karakalpak dramaturgy based on world experience, and the artistic impact of the dramaturgy of not only Russian and European countries, but also Turkic peoples in these tragedies. Also, Karakalpak dramatists S. Majitov's tragedies "ErnazarAlakoz", "Aygul-Tayman" (Gulim-Tayman) and K. Rakhmanov's tragedy "Death Punishment" were analyzed in depth. It was shown through examples that the plots and compositions used in the tragedies were created under the influence of western and eastern classical works, typical of the Karakalpak nationality.In the article, dramas and tragedies of world-famous playwrights. It was also emphasized that these works were translated into the Karakalpak language, published in the form of books and published in the press, not limited to being staged.

Literary portrait images in artistic and documentary stories
Jarimbetova T.K.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article specifically studies the scientific and theoretical views of scientists on artistic portrait images in Karakalpak literature. Several examples of its genre features, the formation of its theoretical concepts and application features are given. Based on the theoretical portrait, examples in the works were compared. Portraits of the main character of the artistic and documentary works of the famous writer and journalist A. Atajanov “The Fighter Sapalak” and “A Man Suffering in Another Country” were discussed. A fictional story is created using portrait images of heroes, the plot, the image of which is the subject of study of the writer’s skill. The importance of portrait images in displaying a real event in a work and in its artistic development is determined. The works depicted through portraiture have been confirmed by the opinions of scientists and clear results have been obtained. The content of the work was determined by the position of the portrait lines of the real hero in real life, without succumbing to any of the writer’s fantasies. As a result of the combination of documentary design and accuracy of facts in works, artistic and literary content should be common. Based on these artistic materials, the reality of that time was clarified on a large scale in the works. The significance of the portrait image in the rich distribution of its content has been studied.

The role of artistic details in poetry
Otarova T.J.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the article on the example of lyrical poems of Karakalpak poets of the twentieth century A. Azhiniyazov and T. Sarsenbaev the question of ideological and artistic service of details in the creation of artistic words and images in Karakalpak literary studies is analyzed. In the study of this issue of the relying on a number of scientific and theoretical sources, three forms of detail are studied: portrait detail, landscape detail and object detail and their influence on artistry. Special attention is paid to the skill of creating a portrait, image and character of the hero, using details such as the road, sky, cloud, flower and other details that were used extensively in their lyric poems. In particular, the specific examples taken from the poets' poems are used to analyze the peculiarities of fiction in covering the portrait of the lyrical hero and the specifics of creating details that differ from the works of prose, dramatic genre. The methods of creating a portrait of the hero in lyric poems on the theme of love by T. Sarsenbaev "Field", "Heart", "Road", "Seasons of love", "The bride comes" and A. Azhiniyazov "Poem written by the rain", "Artist", "With spring love", "More to you" are analyzed through the lyric works and at the end of the article a number of scientific conclusions are given.

Abdurauf Fitrat is one of the founders of uzbek language syntax
Madaminov A.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article examines the scientific legacy of Central Asian intellectuals of the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The study reflects on the scientific heritage of one of the major representatives of the modernist movement, Professor A. Fitrat, in the field of syntax of Uzbek linguistics. In the work "Nahv" (syntax), he studies the grammatical structure of the Uzbek language for the first time in a formal-functional direction. First, he gives theoretical information about the combination of syntactic units and the syntactic laws specific to the sentence. He explains the linking factors of the words, syntactic relations, parts of the sentence and their classification. For the first time in Uzbek linguistics, terms such as word combination (combination), head word (bosh bulak), subject, part of the sentence (predicate), adaptation (adaptation), adverbial medisier, attribute are introduced into our linguistics. Professor A. Fitrat is one of our scientists who founded the formation of the field of syntax in Uzbek linguistics, in addition to spelling, lexicology, morphology, punctuation. Later, this teaching was continued by mature Russian Turkic scientists and others.

The role of the component lexemes “own”/“foreign” in the implementation of the concept “Motherland” in the Russian and Karakalpak languages
Turabaeva N.А.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

One of the universal concepts of the Russian and Karakalpak languages is the concept of “Motherland”. Linguistic and cultural analysis of this concept in a comparative manner allows us to reveal the national character and attitude of representatives of the two peoples to the Motherland. The representation of the universal concept “Motherland” is also carried out due to their lexical compatibility. This article examines the features of verbalization of the concept “Motherland” in Russian and Karakalpak linguistic consciousness through the component lexemes “own” and “foreign”, which occupy a special place in revealing the essence of the relationship to the native land. The research material was proverbs and sayings of the Russian and Karakalpak languages. By means of a continuous sampling from a collection of proverbs and sayings, proverbs with the component lexemes “own” and “foreign” in the representation of the concept Motherland in the compared languages were extracted and subjected to linguocultural analysis. It also analyzes the role of antonymous symbols in the implementation of the concept of Motherland in the compared languages.

The use of complex sentences without open structural conjunction in karakalpak national epos
Mamutova U.U.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the article, compound sentences without open structure form, which we can notice in the Karakalpak folk epics “Alpamis” and “Khoblan”, were analyzed on the basis of examples. The study of the peculiarities of this epic language, previously not studied in the field of linguistics in the field of folklore, is of great importance in all respects. One of the most important issues in determining the history of the Karakalpak literary language, its origin and stages of development, along with written monuments, is the study of folklore- the language of the epic has become a problem.

The role of the pedagogical component in the life of a person and society
Orakbaev Z.Z.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The article presents ideas about the role of the pedagogical component in society, the importance of 21st century teachers in raising children. The contribution of teachers to improving a person’s spirituality, intelligence and thinking has been widely studied. It's no secret that the spirituality of today's youth is high and it can compete with the youth of the world. During this period, the task of teachers increased sharply, and attention to children increased. We all know that in the era of the development of the Internet, the task of preserving the nationality, culture and spirituality of children is entrusted to teachers. In connection with the current situation, scientific work has begun and research work is being carried out. Teaching students in educational institutions requires: redesign; organization; skills analysis; perseverance; arouse interest. The goal is to develop the child’s immunity and energy. Motivation is the appreciation of equality, work and its importance in capacity building. The motivation that a teacher gives to a child gives courage to young people. One of the main tasks of teachers is to teach young people love for the Motherland, manners of walking in nature and in public places, respect for elders and respect for children. Thus, the role of the pedagogical component in the life of a person and society is very great. Therefore, the field of pedagogy is necessary not only for teachers, but also for all subjects of society.