Improved and refined analytical technique to determine microplasma parameter in anavalanche-transit diode
Abdreimov A.A., Tagaev M.B., Statov V.A., Khojamuratova A.R.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The paper develops analytical technique to determine microplasma parameter. This localised breakdown phenomena plays a great role in avalanche-transit diodes and other semiconductor devices at avalanche mode. There are two fundamental electro-physical parameters of a microplasma - turn-on voltage and the differential resistance. Measurable differential resistance is a sum of two series resistances: a current pinch resistance and a spreading resistance. We got more exact equation for the microplasma resistance and diameter taking into account three-dimensional nature of the charge carriers density. Comparison of the theoretical and experimental data demonstrates good correspondence of the proposed model with real microplasma parameters. These parameters were studied using modulating curve-tracer. Novel calculations scheme allows refine equations formicroplasma diameter. The approach for the microplasma geometric dimensions measurement and in homogeneities detection is suitable for p-n junctions and Schottky barriers and could be used for faithfull reliability prediction and defects revealing in depletion layer.

Modeling of mass service system with redial calls
Atadjanov Kh.L., Atadjanova M.Kh., Jienbaeva K.A.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus
School number 47, Nukus
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article deals with mass service system with redialing calls. For defining the time index of casual outgoing call services and the time index of redialed pending calls has been made a mathematic model of system as the system differential equation. The system of differential equation in case of free time routine turns to algebraic equation. This equation could be solved only if there is two devices of service. That’s why for this system survey has been used the method of computer modeling. For defining the state of the system it must contain three random indexes: the time period between the first redialed calls, the time period between the second redialed calls and the duration of servicing. Has been studied the changes of system state according to these three indexes random digits. Has been made a modeling program having easy to use graphical interface for users with C# language. Accepting initial figures this program could model mass servicing system with repeated calls according to the needed time of modeling. Based on the results this model could define the figures of system for users need. The program saves all the results of the modeling as a file or could be printed.

Transformation water of the in middle stream Amudaryariver
Sherfedinov L.Z., Aimbetov I.K.
SE «GIDROINGEO», Tashkent
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article discusses the order of transformation of the Amu Darya runoff in the middle stream on the eve of its acquisition of trans boundary status. Along with the transfer (withdrawal) of run-off to other basins, the transformation also took place in the riverine region due to the withdrawal of water for irrigation and other needs. Water run-off are analyzed and it is noted that the middle course of the Amu Darya, located between the Kelifr and Tuyamuyun gorges, connects the area of flow formation with the area of its dispersion. In a conditionally natural period, the river flowed through this part of the basin in transit and part of the runoff was used for irrigation and other purposes. Since the middle of the last century, large-scale transformations of runoff in the region have led to water intakes for its transfer to the basins of Zarafshan, Kashkadarya and the foothills of the Kopetdag. From the initial stage of the transfer in the middle current run-off mode, its immanent features appeared. These features lie in the transformation of the flow, in which the water consumption of the region is comparable to the transfer.

Theoretical substantiation of the parameters of the leveling device of the seeder for sowing small-seeded vegetable seeds with simultaneous cutting of irrigation furrows
Tukhtakuziev A., Ibragimov A.A., Khamidov N.M.
Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization
Nukus branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University

This article describes the device and the technological process of the seeder for sowing small-seeded vegetable crops with simultaneous cutting of irrigation furrows, as well as the results of theoretical studies to substantiate the parameters of the leveler of its ridge shaper. The developed seeder for sowing small-seeded vegetable crops with simultaneous cutting of irrigation furrows consists of a frame, support-drive wheels, chain drives, bed-makers and levelers installed on their wings, bins, seeding devices, seed pipes, parallelogram mechanisms and runners and openers installed on them, and also covering working bodies in the form of conical rollers. Based on the results of the studies, it was found that in order for the interaction time of soil particles with the ridge shaper leveler to be minimal and the technological process to be carried out with minimal energy consumption, the working surface of the leveler should be made in the form of a flat surface, the angle of its installation to the directional movement should be within 28- 30°, installation height - adjustable within 10-15 cm, working width - 17.1-23.1 cm, and height - at least 8.7 cm. Research on the above materials was carried out on the basis of higher mathematics, applied mechanics, fundamental laws and rules of agricultural mechanics. The obtained results are reliable, have scientific and practical value and enrich the theory and practice of tillage and sowing machines.

Model of physical and technical actions and design algorithm of a three-phase current converter of an asynchronous motor
Siddikov I.Kh., Makhsudov M.T., Abubakirov A.B.
Tashkent University of Information Technologies
Andijan Institute of Mechanical Engineering
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article for systems for monitoring and controlling reactive power of asynchronous motors, it is necessary to study the physical and technical effects underlying the design of the converter, modeling the principles of modeling and the relationship of elements and relationships to change the value of primary three-phase currents to output voltages. The process of converting the magnitude of primary three-phase currents into voltages in the form of voltages and the algorithm for constructing a model of the converter design include the principles of converting signals of different types of physical nature, the ratio of dimensions and parameters, the design and elements of the converter.This algorithm is suitable for the process of controlling and monitoring the reactive power of an induction motor. When simulating the physical and technical effects of a three-phase current magnet and structures of the converter of parameters of an asynchronous motor, a graphic model of the parametric structure, changes in electrical quantities and parameters, their interconnected structure, taking into account physical and technical effects (FTE), used in the design of the converter was developed. An algorithm for the rational choice of the parameters of the sensitive element and the graph model of the physical and technical effect of a three-phase alternating current of an induction motor is presented.

Ways of reducing the driving resistance of the unit with dump free tilling
Aytmuratov M.T., Jumamuratov D.K.
Volgograd State Agrarian University, Russia
Nukus branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University

At the present time, much attention is paying to researches and development, providing high-quality soil cultivation with minimal energy consumption, including the development of machines for non-moldboard soil cultivation. Moldless tillage is the process of loosening the soil without turning it over directly. The essence of this method is that below the arable layer of soil there is no formation of a "plow sole", which has a beneficial effect on plant growth. In the process of work, the working bodies of chisel implements - racks with loosening paws perceive a variable load (resistance) due to the heterogeneity of the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, which lead to excessive consumption of fuel and a decrease in the performance of the unit. A promising direction for reducing the amplitude of fluctuations in the variable load on the working body is the elastic fastening of the working bodies. We have developed a design of a mechanism for elastic fastening of the chisel-cultivator stand to the frame, which provides a reduction in energy consumption during moldboard-free tillage. In this case, the effect of the use of elastic fastening is achieved due to the operation of the working body in the resonance mode. There fore, the main task of using an elastic mount is to adjust the self-oscillating system to a resonant mode of operation. The resonant mode of operation can be obtained by changing the natural frequency or the frequency of the disturbing force. The possibilities of changing the frequency of the disturbing force are limited; therefore, the resonant mode can be achieved by changing the natural frequency by adjusting its parameters, the reduced stiffness coefficient or the reduced mass. The most rational change in the coefficient of reduced stiffness, since a change in the reduced mass causes certain difficulties. As a result of the theoretical studies, an expression was obtained to determine the optimal rigidity of the elastic fastening mechanism in the resonant mode of operation. The obtained expression can be used to determine the stiffness of the springs in the resonant mode of operation of the elastic fastening of the chisel-cultivator strut to the frame.

Effective and rational use irrigation water in the conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan
Kurbanbayev S.E., Karimova O.Y., Baymuratov R.A., Atashоv A.
Karakalpak branch office of the Scientific Research Institute for Irrigation and Water Problems, Nukus
Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The lack of water that has been repeated in recent years dictates the requirements of a strict regime of water conservation and economical use of water. The understanding of the need for strict water conservation and the fight against unproductive water losses must be started with the producers of agricultural products, i.e. from farms, as rational water use and water conservation at the field level could save a significant amount of irrigation water. The article reflects the current state of water use in irrigated agriculture in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The main, inter-farm and intra-farm canals have been studied in detail and the mode and efficiency of their work have been assessed. The obtained results of the conducted field research works on irrigation technologies are presented. Suggestions on the choice of water-saving irrigation technologies are given, as well as recommendations on the effective use of irrigation water in the non-growing season.

Pproblems and perspective of the complex Tuyamuyun hydropower
Kurbanbayev E., Kurbanbayev S.Е., Karimova O.Yu., Baymuratov R.A.
Karakalpak branch office of the Scientific Research Institute for Irrigation and Water Problems, Nukus
Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia

The article reflects the results of research on the complex Tuyamuyun hydropower. By studying the design hydraulic parameters, an analysis was made of the existing state of the Tuyamuyun hydropower complex. The Tuyamuyun hydroelectric complex is an artificial reservoir designed for seasonal and long-term regulation of the Amu Darya river flow. Most of the reservoir (almost 80%) is located on the territory of Turkmenistan. The main purpose of the reservoir is to supply water for irrigation, ecology, and energy in the regions of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River. Commissioning year 1979. At present (due to silting of the dead volume), an irregular intra-annual distribution of the river flow occurs in the complex of the Tuyamuyun hydropower complex, and it has shifted from the long-term to seasonal flow regulation. There fore, the choice of the optimal mode of operation of the complex of the Tuyamuyun hydropower complex based on the analysis of data on changes in the level and volume, inflow and discharge of water below the reservoir is extremely important.

Cardioprotective effect of tapinambur extract under hypoxia
Jumayev I.Z., Usmanov P.B., Gayibov U.G., Aripov T.F., Esimbetov A.T., Boboev S.N., Ibragimov E.B., Kuldoshev Z.K., Abdumazhidova G.I.
Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry at the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Nukus branch of the Samarkand Institute of Veterinary Medicine

The most promising source for the search for potential cardioprotective agents are biologically active compounds of plant origin, which are characterized by a huge variety of chemical organization and a wide range of biological effects. A special place among them is occupied by alkaloids, polyphenols and flavonoids, which have high pharmacological activity of various directions, including vasotropic, cardiotropic and neurotropic, representing a huge base for the search for compounds promising for the creation of new cardioprotective agents. The institutes of plant chemistry and bioorganic chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan have unique collections of biologically active compounds, most of which remain completely uncharacterized, providing unlimited opportunities for the search for new potential cardioprotective agents. This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of an extract obtained from some tapinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) plants. In this study, it was found that rat extract had a positive inotropic effect on the contraction activity of the papillary muscles of the heart. To assess the cardioprotective activity of this extract, the effect on experimental hypoxia caused by aeration of Krebs solution with 95% N2 and 5% O2 was investigated. In control experiments, the force of contraction of the papillary muscle of the rat heart was obtained as 100%. Under conditions of hypoxia, the decrease in the force of contraction of the papillary muscles was 73.3±3.1%. It has been observed that extract effectively eliminates hypoxia-induced disorders.

Study of the effectiveness of agricultural ore in Karakalpakstan and fertilizers based on them
Bauatdinov S., Bauatdinov T.S., Toreshova N.M., Allambergenova R.O., Saparova G.D.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article presents the research of agricultural ore in Karakalpakstan. Research has revealed the unique properties of glauconite, which are decisive in the manifestation and development of the process of self-organization of the mineral. The stimulating effect of glauconite on the development of useful microflora of soils, which determines their fertility, was revealed. Compound fertilizers obtained on the basis of agricultural ore KK (glauconites) are environmentally friendly, efficient and not expensive. Glauconite sands should be considered as a multifactorial fertilizer, allowing not only to enrich the soil with potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and microelements: manganese, copper, zinc, boron, etc., but also to improve its structure, prevent the removal of nutrients, retain moisture, stimulate growth, and reduce the incidence of plants. In addition, glauconites affect the migration and distribution of toxic elements between soil and plants, thereby significantly reducing their concentration in food. As a result of field tests, it was found that the yield of cotton increases by 4-6 c/ha relative to the control rate, which indicates the effectiveness of agricultural ore.

Comparative characteristics of the bioecological State of reservoirs in the Southern Aral Sea region
Adenbaev E., Temirbekov R.O., Musaev A.K., Israilova I.O.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article provides a comparative characteristic of the water bodies of the Southern Aral region - the Mezhdurechenskiy reservoir, Lake Dautkul and Eastern Karateren on the basis of ichthyological studies carried out in 2018-2020. Standard methods of ichthyological research were used: field observations, observation of the reproduction of the leading commercial species, fish catching and biological analysis, studies of the species and age composition, number, distribution, nutrition and growth of fish in different types of water bodies. Seasonal monitoring of the fishery potential and the bioecological state of these reservoirs was carried out on the reservoirs, since the fishery reservoirs of the Southern Aral Sea region form the basis of the fishery fund of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. And also, although the regions are connected in a single hydrographic network of the Amu Darya, they differ significantly in many respects. Basically, their state is determined, first of all, by the quality of water, the volume and regime of runoff, as well as the share of waste (drainage) waters in it, hydrological and hydrochemical properties, as well as the originality of biological resources. Reservoirs have variable parameters; within a short period, they are able to change their status. Based on the results of the analyzes carried out, an assessment of the resource potential and natural fish productivity of different types of fishery reservoirs of the Southern Aral Sea region is given.

Phytocenotic characteristic Iris Warleyensis Foster и Iris Parvula (Vved.) T. Hall & Seisums in the vicinity of the Maidanak observatory (Kashkadarya region)
Rakhimova N.K.
Tashkent Botanical garden at the Institute of Botany of the Academy of sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan

For the first time, a phytocenotic characteristic of Iris warleyensis Foster and Iris parvula (Vved.) T. Hall & Seisums, distributed in the vicinity of the Maidanak observatory in the Kashkadarya region, is given. A list of 50 plant species of the grass-forb-shrub community with the participation of Iris warleyensis and Iris parvula is presented. In this community, the shrubs Atraphaxis pyrifolia, Cerasus erythrocarpa, Rosa fedtschenkoana, and Lonicera nummulariifolia are found with an abundance of sp1-sp2. A feature of this community is the presence in its composition of some dominant species of cereals: Aegilops triuncialis, Elytrigia trichophora, Hordeum spontaneum, Taeniatherum crinitum, which are found with an abundance of sp3, and Hordeum leporinum, Poa bulbosa, and Anisantha tectorum – with an abundance of sp1 In addition to these species, among perennials – Vicia tenuifolia, Acroptilon repens, Achillea filipendulina, and Alliaria petiolate – met with an abundance of sp2. It should be noted that the object of study Iris warleyensis is widespread in this community and occurs with an abundance of sp2-sp3, while Iris parvula is abundant in sol-sp1. Annuals – Arenaria leptoclada, Carthamnus oxyacanthus, Veronica cardiocarpa, and Ziziphora tenuior occur with an abundance of sp1. This community is rich in species composition (50 species), of which trees – 3, shrubs – 6, semi-shrubs – 2, perennials – 29, annuals – 10. According to the results of the study, the number of objects under study in natural conditions has significantly increased in comparison with the literature data 50 years ago. Seed and vegetative reproduction, as well as the absence of the influence of anthropogenic factors in this territory, also play an important role in the rapid reproduction of species.

Relevance and significance of studying and potential assessment of microflora of halophite plants
Alikulov B., Akhanbaev Sh., Akramov I., Ismailov Z.
Samarkand State University

The article presents some halophytes that are not used in sectors of the economy (H.strobilaceum (Pall) Bieb, H.belangeriana (Moq) Botsch, T.hispida Willd, H.aphyllum (Minkw) Iljin, K.prostrata (L.) Schrad, C.ewersmanniana (Stschegl.) Botsch. & Ikonn) provides information on the need to study microflora. Molecular genetic analysis of halophilic extremophilic bacteria; biochemical analysis of phyllo-, endo- and rhizosphericextraphilous bacteria of halophytes; assessment of biotechnological potential of isolated strains; is of great importance. Since extremophilic bacteria are well adapted to unfavorable environmental factors and have enormous biotechnological potential, the enzymes they synthesize increase activity, stability and can work at high temperatures, salt concentrations, high alkaline conditions and other extreme conditions. This will make it possible to widely use the results of research in this area in the development of industrial biotechnology.

Variability of water content in the leaves of drought-resistant sunflower varieties and hybrids
Aitjanov B.U., Seitbaev R.S., Aitjanov U.E.
Nukus branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University
Karakalpak Scientific-research Institute of the Husbandry, Chimbay

The article provides information on scientific studies of sunflower under optimal and drought conditions. The main purpose of our research is to study the physiological parameters of sunflower varieties and hybrid plants in optimal and drought conditions. The total amount of water in the leaves of sunflower varieties and hybrids is 70-72% relative to UFMC in the flowering-harvesting phase under optimal water supply (optimal background) and 48-50% against the modeled drought, the total amount of water in the leaves of sunflower plantsin both backgrounds was studiedat the same time. The results of our studies show that the total amount of water in the leaves of plants depends not only on the conditions of water supply, but also on the genotypic composition. The results showed that this trait is inherited differently in simple and complex ?1, ?2 hybrids under different water regime conditions, where ?1 hybrid combinations vary depending on the dominance coefficients and water supply conditions in hp, as well as the composition of the parent forms of hybrids.

Formation of hydrophilic flora of different water bodies in the Samarkand region
Nurniyozov A.A., Tashpulatov I.Sh.
Samarkand of Veterinary Medicine Institute
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University

Aquatic plants are not only a habitat, a source of nutrients and oxygen for organisms in water bodies, but also play an important role in many biological processes that take place in water bodies. This requires, first of all, the study of the floristic, taxonomic and ecological characteristics of aquatic plants in water bodies and the determination of indicators of their productivity. Different types of water bodies, wetlands, called wetlands, form a variety of habitats, which are home to many rare and protected species. As a result of the effective use of water bodies in the economy, various levels of pollution arise, which require constant monitoring, especially special monitoring of plants growing in water bodies. The floristic study of water bodies is the basis for studying the vegetation cover, which makes it possible to learn the history of flora formation, identify rare, endangered and need to be preserved plant species, as well as collect information about the anthropogenic transformation of the territory. Aquatic plants, due to their morphological, physiological and ecological characteristics, are widespread in reservoirs of a different nature and in different ecological conditions.

Wild food plants of Bukhara region
Saribayeva Sh.U., Khabibullayev B.Sh., Khayitov R.Sh.
Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Navai State Pedagogical Institute

On the territory of Bukhara region, 52 species of food plants have been identified, belonging to 41 genus and 21 families. The leading polymorphic families of the food flora of the Bukhara region included the following families: Asteraceae (7 species), Poaceae (6), Brassicaceae (6). In terms of the content of a larger number of species, the genus Typha L. (4 species), Sonchus L. (3), Cichorium L. (3), Sisymbrium L. (3) and Lemna L. (3), growing in humid areas, are distinguished. Analysis of the distribution of food plants in the administrative districts of the region shows that they are more concentrated in densely populated districts (Dzhandar and Bukhara). In these areas, Capparis spinosa L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium rubrum L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Portulaca oleracea L., Sinapis arvensis L., Aeluropus repens (Desf.) Parl., Spinacia turkestanica Iljin, Malva sylvestris L., Typha laxmannii Lepech. and other species, to one degree or another, used by the local population. In the most saline areas of the region, food plants such as Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium rubrum L., Portulaca oleracea L., Spinacia turkestanica Iljin, Salicornia europaea L., Atriplex tatarica L., Capparis spinosa L., Aeluropus repens (Desf. ) Parl. and etc.

Changes of soil conditions of desert rangelands under the influence of livestock grazing
Rajabov T.F., Ortikov T.K., Rakhimova T., Valiev Sh.A., Abdurakhmonov Z.F., Allayarov M.Kh.
Samarkand State University
Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

It has been established that unsystematic livestock grazing on rangelands of the Karnabchul semi-desert located in the south-west of Uzbekistan affects not only the species composition and structure of the phytocenosis, but also its soil properties. Grazing in the early stages led to a change in the physical properties of gray-brown soils and light sierozem soils. These physical changes have affected the chemical processes in the soil, especially nitrification, ammonification and humification. With an increase in the degree of rangeland degradation, there was an increase in the amount of mineral nitrogen (from 14.4 mg/kg to 21.8 mg/kg) and a decrease in mobile phosphorus (from 10.8 mg/kg to 8.8 mg/kg) in light sierozem soils, whereas in gray-brown soils, the change in these parameters was of the opposite nature. This is due to the fact that under the influence of grazing, there is a specific change in the physical properties of soils, depending on their mechanical composition.

Soil reclamation at the Aral delta
Namozov Kh.Q., Хojasov A., Xojasov M.A., Sayimbetov A.
Tashkent State Agrarian University
Nukus branch Tashkent State Agrarian University

In the article in the history of irrigated agriculture, there are many cases when, due to the strong salinity of the soil, the yield was so low that it did not justify the costs incurred for the cultivation of crops. These lands belonged to the category of the and was left without the use of a culture. Land from suitable turned into unsuitable and also often left out of use for irrigated crops, so among the old-irrigated land masses formed many perelogov, deposits and other vacant land. The complex lithological-geomorphological, hydrogeological, soil and climatic conditions of the Aral region, combined with human economic activity, left a significant imprint on the soil cover characteristic of this region. The diversity of salinity is observed both in the profile of the soils and in the space, among them there are various options both in the degree and type of salinity, and in the position of the salt horizon. Relict and modern salt accumulation in soils of different genesis and irrigation age of the Republic of Karakalpakstan are analyzed, the data of the irrigated land fund on salinity are given, recommendations are given for regulating the water-salt regime and improving the reclamation state of irrigated soils.

Influence of landing depth of topinambura (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) on yield
Jangabaeva A.S.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

In the world's largest research centers and universities, extensive research is being carried out to study the properties of (Helianthus tuberosus L.) , create high-yielding and resistant varieties, process green mass and crops, as well as develop agricultural technologies for growing (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in various soils and climatic conditions. Reviews of the world scientific literature show that (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a versatile plant that is used in the manufacture of various products in various fields. Over the past 20 years, the consumption of (Helianthus tuberosus L.) has increased in the world, and it is extremely difficult to list products made from (Helianthus tuberosus L.) stems and stalks that are in demand in the domestic and foreign markets. The varieties of (Helianthus tuberosus L.) “Fayz-Baraka” and “Miracle” were studied based on their valuable economic characteristics in the saline soils of Karakalpakstan and determined to have the potential to produce high quality products. Three different variants of the depth of planting of (Helianthus tuberosus L.) seeds were obtained - 6-7 cm (control), 9-10 cm, and 12-13 cm.

Ranking of the territory of the South Priaralie on pollution density
Kudaibergenova U.K., Matmuratova G.I., Zhaksilikova S.B.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The main direction of the formation of strategic research on environmental safety at the present stage is the assessment of the risks of natural foci of infection, then the influence of anthropogenic factors, in order to develop coordinated management decisions, laws to optimize environmental conditions, life, welfare and health protection of the population. To determine the degree of contamination and environmental load and risk factors of the Karakalpak Republic at the initial stage of research, territorial zones were determined in the context of the geographical location of the Aral Sea region. The national list developed for Uzbekistan includes 91 environmental indicators, where 68 of them are generally accepted international indicators, and 23 reflect the peculiarities of the domestic ecological state of the country. The study of the number of microorganisms, soil showed that their number depends on the soil horizon and the location of the soil. On irrigated lands, significant areas of land involved in agricultural use are characterized by low bonitet. The average values for the regions vary from 52 to 41, which is significantly lower than other regions of Uzbekistan and are classified as medium and low fertile. According to experts, the soil bonitet continues to decline. Analysis of changes in environmental indicators of soil resources not only in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, but also across the territory of Uzbekistan revealed the continuing degradation of desert pastures.

Quantitative estimation of contamination of atmosphere by industrial extrass of Takhiatash TES
Tleumeratova B.S., Erjanova L.K., Urumbaev A.E., Shermukhamedov U.A.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus
Institute of Seismology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

The design of degree of contamination of atmosphere the industrial extrass of Takhiatash TES is examined by means of the three-dimensional Gaussian model. For realization of model methodology of calculations of profiles of speed of wind of U(z) and coefficient of vertical diffusion of K(z) is worked out. A model is improved and extended for appendixes, touching calculations average monthly and average annual concentrations of contaminents. The results of numeral experiments are presented with the used mathematical models of atmospheric transfer of contaminents, thrown out Takhiatash TES. An info base was created on the basis of given Takhiatash TES basic data in the cut of all present sources of extrass with the detailed pointing of their descriptions. The calculations of average monthly and average daily concentrations are executed for all pollutations, inventoried Takhiatash TES. In the article results over of calculations are brought because of limitations of her sizes as charts of the fields of concentration only for three substances, having the most substantial value for contamination of atmosphere - oxide and dioxide of nitrogen and benzopizren. The got calculation results comport with data of model supervisions and show being of contaminations in a range maximum possible concentrations.

Organization of production infrastructure of the Muynak fish and meat-packing factory
Bekimbetov Q.М.
Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Humanities Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article is devoted to the history of the construction of the Muynak fish and meat-packing factory. It is stated that the site was originally considered as a fish cannery. The first survey work to determine the construction site of the factory began in 1932. The author believes that the construction of the Muynak fish and meat-packing factory began in 1933 and the main work was carried out in 1937-1940. In June 1941, the Acceptance Commission of the People's Commissariat for the Fishing Industry, headed by S. Nikiforov, arrived in Muynak Island. The commission worked in Muynak until August 3, and revealed a lot of imperfections. The outbreak of the 1941 war forced the government to take it into operation, despite major imperfections and defects. In 1941, the factory received 14.3 thousand centners of fish, mainly bream, carp, pike perch and asp. The Muynak fish and meat-packing factory produced canned fish and meat. In 1942-1943, experimental work was carried out on the production of canned turtle meat. It also produced food, fish groats and flour, chilled and frozen fish, meat and by-products.

Study of the religious policy of the Soviet government in Karakalpakstan
Ramatullaev M.A.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanities Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus

To better understand the negative aspects of politics in relation to religion and believers, Muslim institution and organizations, it is necessary to draw appropriate conclusions from the lessons of the past. The opportunity that independence gives to objectively study the problems of the one-sided negative atheistic policy of the Soviet government towards believers, religious institutions and organizations should be fully realized in its enormous role. A number of authors have recently written about the Soviet state's policy of repression against believers, religious values and the reasons for their separation from religious scholars. They describe the repression carried out by the Soviet authorities in Karakalpakstan, including repression of believers, religious policies, religious restrictions, and the position of believers during the totalitarian regime. However, in the works published in the 60-80s of the last century, it is clear that the communist ideology completely dominates in relation to Islam and religious organizations.

WTO as an international mechanism for the protection of intellectual property
Rasbergenova S.A.
Tashkent State University of Law

The article assesses the stages of the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a new aspect of the regulation of multilateral trade relations. The paper also describes the main tasks and key functions that the WTO performs, and also considers the regulatory provisions for the creation of an organization. The article assesses the role of the WTO as one of the mechanisms for protecting intellectual property. The regularities and features of the TRIPS agreement as an international treaty in the field of intellectual property protection are characterized - the simultaneous regulation of seven specific types of objects, based on previously existing international acts. The article describes the patterns and features of the TRIPS agreement as an international treaty in the field of intellectual property protection - the simultaneous regulation of seven specific types of objects, based on previously existing international acts. Particularly highlighted is Section 4 of the TRIPS Agreement, which deals with issues of customs regulation. The TRIPS Agreement was disclosed as one of the first universal international treaties, which contains requirements for the domestic organization of customs issues. It was emphasized that in addition to the content of the provisions concerning issues traditionally falling under the exclusive national jurisdiction, to indirect confirmation of the universally supranational nature of the WTO law and the TRIPS Agreement. It is highlighted that the main documents containing the main principles of interaction of states in the WTO system do not contain provisions that in one way or another signify respect for the sovereignty, internal political or legal system of the member countries. It is highlighted that the presence of such a public clause or a declarative norm would be logical, given the wide range of legal, economic and political issues regulated by the WTO agreements, including a number of domestic functions, with the help of peremptory norms.

The role of mythological thinking, religious beliefs and faith in the appearing and elaborating process of legends
Kalbaeva G.S.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The article is devoted to the genesis of the legend genre and its scientific ideas about historical and genetical foundations. Fiction based explanation customs related to the reality of ancient mythical consciousness, diffusion of religious positions, nature and social life, the developing of oral versions of several religious-educational cases in manuscripts; evolving of national versions of legends in the result of expanding shifting plots that fit other nation’s folklore are demonstrated in the appearing and elaborating process of mythical legends. The article relied on a number of scientific sources in identifying the historical and genetic foundations of the Karakalpak legends. The legends that exist among our people, their versions among other nations, as well as their book copy are analyzed. At the result there were noted of these analyzes, the antiquity of the legend genre, its connection with the original forms of life of the people, that is, the connection with ancient mythical concepts and religious beliefs of ancient people about the world around them, natural phenomena. Scientifically substantiated through the gradual formation of these views, the emergence of plots with artistic content, that these plots serve as the basis for the appearance of various forms of depiction (myth, legend, fairy tale). For illumination of theme the is used, comparatively-typology methods, and also method of artistically-aesthetic analysis.

Ancient layers of the image of a woman
Zaripova Z.S.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanities Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Coverage of the image of a woman in Karakalpak folklore is one of the unexplored problems to date. The sources of the emergence of female images in Karakalpak folklore, the content of national oral works, the images of our women in ancient folk epics, and much more require scientific research. The article shows the origins of the image of a woman in Karakalpak folklore, the emerging images of ancient cosmogonic, totemistic, animistic beliefs. The images of the mother, the creator of the world, the initiator of life on earth, such as Khava Ena, Aksholpan, Aryukhan, as well as the peculiarities of the Karakalpak folklore are studied. The image of the creator with the images of the creators of foreign mythology. At the same time, the importance of information in society, both in writing and orally, as in the case of Tomaris and Zarina, about the heroic deeds of female kings has been said. The article mentions the images of women who were believed and found their proof that they were our respected ancestors. It also turns out that the ancient monuments and lakes preserved in Karakalpakstan are associated with female names. It is not for nothing that among nations he connects the globe with the name of the Mother. The name of the national language of each nation as its native (mother tongue) did not arise spontaneously. In all works of folklore, the name of the Mother is highly valued. They are appreciated as a person who gave birth to brave heroes. The article provides examples of mothers in the image of Eva Ena and the goddess born of her, mothers who are a symbol of courage.

Historical legends of the era, historical events
Bekimbetov A.M.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanities Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article examines a certain historical period in the history of the Karakalpak legends - the events of the historical life of the people, the features of the legends that represent the basis of scientific work, and the results of historical, archaeological, ethnographic and folklore studies of the Karakalpak ethnogenesis. This refers to the matriarchal relations that prevailed in the tribes at a certain historical stage. The preservation of this matriarchal system in folklore is confirmed by many epic facts, especially its appearance in Karakalpak folklore. This is revealed by scientific confirmation on the example of the Karakalpak folklore legends "Khayallar patshaligi haqqinda apsana", "Gulayim haqqinda apsana", "Jupar qorigi", "Nazlymkhan suliw ham Sultan Suyin". The author's analysis of the historical legends of Karakalpakstan is a type of historical myths associated with historical figures of the older second historical period, historical events and legends, in which the peculiarities of the mythological point of view are more accurate, in most cases the events are described in mythological plots. In the legends formed in connection with the historical period, historical events and events of the historical legend, it is concluded that the period, the events of the historical past in most cases have their own specific roots.

About the science of linguocultural studies
Daniyarova Z.J.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanities Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Linguoculturology is a bit closer to the field of cultural studies and language than the object of cultural studies, but differs in terms of content and object of study. It deals with the expression of folk culture in the language, clarifying of the language mentality and nationality. Professor Sh.Abdinazimov expresses the following opinion on the need to analyze Karakalpak folklore in new aspects of the language: "It should be noted that the study of the language of epics on the basis of linguofolkloristic, lingvopoetic, lingvoculturological aspects, which provide endless information for the history of our language, is one of the areas where the development of Karakalpak linguistics is delayed. "One of the traditions that was considered sacred in its time, inherited from ancestors and passed down from generation to generation, is related to the choice of a name. This corresponds to the anthropocentric direction in modern linguistics, including Karakalpak linguistics, which studies the language in conjunction with the culture and history of the speaker, including the field of linguocultural studies.The study of Karakalpak names in conjunction with culture can become one of the main directions of onomastics.

Linguistic analysis of synonyms in the works of J.Izbaskanova
Кazimbetova Z.M.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

One of the lexical and semantic categories that occur in a literary text among semantic relations is meaning formation, the emergence of which is based on the connection of the communicative task of the language with the expanding expressive and artistic tasks. Semantic relations perform the function of indicating similarity in content, quality, feature, action, and other units. In sense formation, different language units are similar in content and are explained by the relationship of form to content. Synonyms are words that differ from each other in a number of ways, for example, pronunciation, spelling are different, the unifying meaning is the same, that is, common, the subtleties of additional meaning, the use of emotional coloring. Such a group of words, interacting with the general meaning, forms a synonymic series. A synonym series can consist of two or more words. Meaningful words are a specific tool that indicates the level of richness of the language in the lexical sense. The fact that a language has many meaningful words makes it easier for it to fulfill its aesthetic function more fully. It has been understood, accepted, and studied since very ancient times. Meaningful words are considered one of the important means of description in fiction, with which a writer or poet can accurately, clearly and vividly express the character-characteristics, landscapes, artistic images of heroes.

Latest development of the art of bakhshi
Sabirova N.E.
Urgench State University

This article discusses the latest developments in the art of baxshi. It is also said that the parishioners in Khorezm were a form of shamanism, and that shamanism was one of the earliest stages in the formation of the art of baxshichi. In particular, the article emphasizes that in the research of A.N.Samoylovich Khorezm bakhshis sang book epics, played dutar, bulamon, and noted that the XIX and early XX centuries were the most prosperous period of Khorezm baxshi art. In Khorezm, the words shaman, ozon, bakhshi were used, and now the term bakhshi is widely used. The deification of the personality of the benefactor is due to the fact that they have a high memory and possess a word, a word. There is an opinion that the singing of epics to the accompaniment of drums by these professionals is associated with the X-XI centuries. This phenomenon may also be much older. The paintings in the "Harper's Woman's Room" in the ancient Khorezm fortresses may be the basis for this. The first historical figure in Khorezm (1115-1191) was Oshiq Aydin (Oshugiddin Umar Suhravardi), who is still the patron saint of baxshis. His personality is also deified. According to historical sources, Ashiq Aydin was a master of words and phrases and also a statesman. A pamphlet on music is also finished. Considering that he lived during the reign of Khorezmshahs, it is possible to understand that in those times there was a developed period of the art of baxshi. After the love affair, Aydin is the father of the ozone, shaman, and baxshi Korkut, who became famous in the Turkic world. It is said that the XIX and early XX centuries were the most prosperous period of Khorezm baxshi art.

History of the people and the spiritual and art istic world of the poet Berdakh
Utambetova A.J.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

This article indicated to the study of historical-epic works of the one of the greatest represents of Karakalpak classic literature of XIX century as writer and poet Berdakh. Indeed, in the given article Berdakh Shair considered as a master of not only lyrical works, but also a talented creator of large epic works. The next works are being confirmed of his creativeness as “Amangeldi”, “Yernazarbiy”, “Aidos Baba”, “Pedigree”, “Khorezm”. The work of Berdakh highlights major historical events that have taken place in the life of the Karakalpak people from ancient times to the XVIII century. His works reflect the people's desire for freedom through the struggle for justice and independence, which express the centuries-old dreams and aspirations of the people. From this point of view, Berdach is the first Karakalpak historian. Fiction, especially art works on a historical topic can not be history itself, it is a natural process that they can not be pure history. In them, the people’s view of this reality must be displayed, and secondly, the view and outlook of the creator, his goals and tasks, the author’s artistic image and artistic conception plays the most important role.

The tradition of improvisation in the of jirov poets
Matimov K.G.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The origin of the word dzhirau (bard) came from the word “jir/sing”, it’s history related with the early past. Dzhirau term tied with Korkit ata’s sinings of IX century, futhermore poetic and didactic sources connected with historical stories of Stone Ages such as («Orkhon-Enesey jaziulari/Orkhon-Enesey writings») «Tonikok», «Bilke kagan», «Kultegin». Dzhirau – one of the great representative of the folk epics who has improvization skill which based on folk, culture and history, moreover the person who sings zhir (story), terme-tolgau (blank verse), creats dastans and performs them with poetic master skills. Dzhirau in Turkic tribes social life-style was spiritual leader of people who could form social views, join people with one national concept, wake people with national motto and spiritually recover all the nation. Furthermore, article breifly describes history of dzhirau and dzhirau’s master skill, it’s development and evaluation steps, author tries to give information about improvizing phenomena in singing terme-tolgau (blank verse), dastan (epic poem), playing musical instruments, showing oratory skills, using artistic skills with syncretic elements. Improvization skill of dzhiraus’ helped to rewrite and enrich the plot of dastans, epic poems, moreover rewritten literary texts describe social life of people and live in people’s memory longer and left as the national heritage of the people.

Ethical views of Navoi and Karakalpak poets of the 19th century
Jarimbetov K.Kh.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The given article takes up the matters of main idea-related trends in the poetry of the great poet and thinker Navoi as a perfect multifaceted personality with his own role in the society. Navoi reflected these ideas based on ethical visions that had been reflected in the literature long before he did. However, from the ethical concepts, the category of work was first reflected as a separate and idea and artistic concept in the works of Navoi. The article reviews the reflection of this very concept in the poem of “Farkhad and Shirin”. While creating the image of Farkhad in the poem, Navoi equated the production labor to such ethical concepts as kindness, conscientiousness, honesty, justice, and courageousness. Karakalpak poets of the XIX century including Berdakh viewed creativity and work as means of bringing up positive moral qualities in the person. Both Navoi and Berdakh shared almost similar views on this matter. The reason for that is that both of them while artistically reflecting the concepts of creativity, production and work they adhered to the view of social justice and best human qualities. The article studied the views of Navoi and Berdakh with comparative-typological methods.

Multicomponent complex sentences in the Karakalpak language
Alniyazov A.I.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article highlights the issue of complex sentences of the Karakalpak language in the aspect of the problem of identities and differences. In the linguistic tradition, the terms "homogeneity / heterogeneity" refers to ideas about identities and differences in language. In this regard, in the article the terms homogeneous / identical and the terms, on the one hand, and the terms heterogeneous / identical, on the other, are understood as synonyms. This method of research continues the theoretical achievements of the linguistic tradition, allows you to integrate the study of the problem of multicomponent complex sentences into the general linguistic problem of identities and differences and make appropriate adjustments.

Syntactic features of Karakalpak proverbs and sayings
Alniyazova G.A.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article for the first time analyzes the Karakalpak proverbs and sayings in order to define, classify and comprehensively describe their structural and semantic types. Based on the analysis, it is established that the vast majority of Karakalpak proverbs and sayings are represented by narrative (affirmative) sentences. In terms of their composition, almost all known types of proposals of this class are found among them, but the quantitative differences between the types presented are also significant. Based on this, proverbial sentences are distinguished: with the meaning of wishes, motivations to act in accordance with generally accepted rules and views; with conclusions about certain phenomena and processes in the surrounding world and in society; expressive-axiological, expressing the attitude to the above rules and views.

The use of the forms of department in the language of dastan «Ramuzshakh»
Temirbaeva M.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The importance of studying the language of folklore samples in the study of the formation and development of the Karakalpak literary language is shown. In Soviet times, this epic had a religious content and was not published at that time on the grounds that it did not meet ideological requirements. In this epic, written by intellectuals of that time, there are many elements of the biblical style, and this fact shows that the Karakalpak language is very close to the language of the ancient Turkic written yogis. The study of the peculiarities of this epic language, previously not studied in the field of linguistics in the field of folklore, is of great importance in all respects. One of the most important issues in determining the history of the Karakalpak literary language, its origin and stages of development, along with written monuments, is the study of folklore - the language of the epic has become a problem. Mullah Yunus Khoja's version of the epic "Ramuzshah" was chosen as the object of research. The epic is written in the biblical language, in which elements of the Central Asian Turkic written literary language are more common.

The role of case-technology in the methodology of teaching Russian as a Non-native Language
Kabulov S.T.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article notes the importance of exploring the possibilities of an interactive approach to improve the effectiveness of teaching intercultural communication. It is assumed that the use of case technology will be effective if a strict algorithm for creating a case is implemented, and the requirements for cases, advantages and difficulties of using this method are characterized. The article reveals the significance of the situation method, its role in the implementation of the communicative-activity strategy, the task of enriching the spiritual culture of students. The case study method promotes the development of communication skills in schoolchildren, expanding their horizons, forming general educational skills, developing independent, search activities, forming aesthetic views, and improving the level of competence using the Russian language. The result is given, that the case-technology can be introduced into the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language. It is concluded that the development of key and subject competencies in schoolchildren using the case-technology method will be more effective. It promotes the development of communication skills in schoolchildren, expanding their horizons, forming general educational skills, developing independent, search activities, forming aesthetic views, and improving the level of competence using the Russian language. The author analyzes the case method as one of the methods used in the communicative-oriented teaching of Russian as a foreign language. The article provides practical recommendations.