Numerical implementation of Brown's method for solving a systems of nonlinear equations
Otarov A.O., Edilbekova R.M.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article builds an iterative method for solving systems of nonlinear equations of the Brown type. Unlike Newton's method, where all the equations of a nonlinear system are linearized at each iteration step, in Brown's method at each of its iterative steps, only its next one equation is linearized and solved. Therefore, the construction of a computational algorithm of Brown's method for a nonlinear system of n equations is very difficult. In this paper, a computational algorithm of Brown's method is constructed in relation to a system of two nonlinear equations. The constructed iterative method has the following features: a) calculations by the derived formulas must be performed in the order in which they are written; b) in the computational algorithm of the method, the functions ax and b) are unequal, changing their roles can change the situation with convergence; c) the conditions for the completion of the calculation are shown, which provide an approximate solution to the nonlinear system with a given accuracy. The above example confirms the quadratic convergence of the constructed Brown-type iterative method.

Regulation of the sediment regime in sedimentation tanks at the dam water intake
Baimanov K.I., Nazarbekov K.K., Baimanov R.K.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The article outlines the field studies, the mode of sedimentation sedimentation tanks at the water intake dam and recommendations for the regulation of the alluvial regime in irrigation systems, based on collaboration upstream and lagoons, as well as the mode of deposition of sediments in ponds, the degree of clarification of water in the sump, based on the deposition of individual sand, silt and clay fractions of sediment, analyses of these studies by mode of lightening the flow of the initial period of operation of the dam depending on river hydrological regimes and regime level before the dam, mostly, in some decades of april, may, june and august, when water flow in the river equal to or slightly greater consumption of water intake, Oyama sediment deposition on the left Bank of the sump by mean annual turbidity observed after the construction of the dam, the best ways to remove sediments detainees in the sump and methods of organization of production of sewage treatment works. The article sets out in order to ensure a sufficient uniform loading of dredgers and maintain the necessary channel capacity during the active vegetation period, periodically changes in the organization of cleaning and modes of sediment intake and deposition and the technical parameter of dredgers for each stage and recommendations for improving the operation of sedimentation tanks for sediment regulation at dam water intake.

Study of the structural features and surface properties of some bentonite clays of Uzbekistan
Ibadullaeva S.M., Juraeva F.N., Mamataliev N.N., Abdikamalova A.B., Eshmetov I.D.
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The results of research on the chemical-mineralogical and disperse composition of some bentonite deposits in Uzbekistan are presented in the following work. As a result of the hydrochloric acid-based analysis of the clays, it was determined that the amount of R2O3 in the Beshtyube deposit sample would reach 9%. After recalculating the quantitative composition of oxides for clayey and non-clayey minerals, it was found that these samples differed from the clays of other deposits in Uzbekistan with low levels of calcite and dolomite. The main mineral of Krantau deposit clays is montmorillonite and contains a mixture of kaolinite, orthoclase and feldspar. The clays of this deposit differ from others by the high content of montmorillonite. Differences in the chemical composition of clay samples were found to affect their dispersion and other physicochemical properties, especially adsorption properties. According to the data, the adsorption of benzene vapors in Navbahor bentonite is higher than that of Krantau clay and reaches 1 mol/kg. Based on the structural and sorption characteristics of the adsorption of benzene vapors, it can be concluded that they can be used as adsorbents to purify various media after modification.

Influence of the mineral microfillers on processes hydration structure formation of lime-belite binding systems
Turemuratov Sh.N.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Had been studied physico-mechanical characters of lime-ware binding materials in environment of hydro-thermal processing, mixed together with dissolved substance anhydride. Hydro-thermal process enabled calcium hydro-silicates formation which increases the physico-mechanical properties of lime-ware binding materials and its structure formation. On the basis of the received data it is possible to conclude that optimum quantity of consistence of soluble anhydrite is possible to consider 15 %. Additional durability to the sample gives ethringit which is formed at interaction of plaster with С 3 А. It is shown that influence of soluble anhydrite on additional growth of durability of system is connected with degree of overestimation a solution in relation to ions of calcium and, accordingly, with strengthening of process of formation of new growths (gillebrandit, tobermorit С-S-H (II). Наполнитель co-operates with three calcium aluminum in the structure IBV with formation of hydrosulphat of aluminum which also cause additional growth of durability of system in normal conditions of hardening.

The main legislation of the long-term dynamics of the number of large sand dunes in the Nukus sandy area of the Kyzylkum Desert and their importance in the epizootology of the plague.
Asenov G.A., Matrasulov G.J., Esimbetov R.M.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article presents materials on the long-term dynamics of the number of large stumps, which are repeated every 8-10 years, having a specific regular character. In these years intervals, two periods were established - each of them marked an increase in the number in 2-4 years and a state of depression. In the period of increased numbers, a high level of Intercolonial relations is noted within the species, which has not been observed in the years of depression, since in the natural foci of cholera there is a prevalence of living colonies that assess the activity of the epizootic process. The economic damage that this species has caused to the Sagittarius in the region is being assessed. We analyzed the long-term dynamics of the increase in the large hummingbirds from 1964-1976 and the observation materials of the two latitudes for 1997-2001 years, in the increase in the large hummingbirds we mowed that each of them contained three peaks and two deep declines, lasting up to 2-4 years. The location of the station Visota 114 and the position of the Balikbayean, observations on the sandy hills existing in them, have been carried out since 1967 year on the lines marked by the established colonies. The number of large sand dunes living in the colony is proportional to the dynamics of their total colonies in certain periods. It was found that in each colony in the deepest period of depression, two or more large stumps were preserved. The collected material is of great scientific and practical importance in planning, conducting and forecasting surveillance and other preventive measures to ensure timely and sustainable epidemiological wellbeing of the population of the republic.

Helminth fauna of wild аrtiodactyls (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) of Karakalpakstan
Toremuratov M.Sh., Akramova F.D., Shakarbaev U.A., Azimov D.A.
Institute of Zoology of the Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

The article is devoted to the study of the helminth fauna of wild artiodactyls - wild boar, Bukhara deer, gazelle and saiga - inhabitants of biogeocenoses of Karakalpakstan. In the studied animals, 26 species of parasitic worms were identified, belonging to cestodes (5 species), trematodes (2), and nematodes (19). The wild pig has 14 species, the Bukhara deer has 11 species, the saiga has 13 species and the gazelle has 13 species. The main reason for the sharp decline in the number of natural populations of the parrots is the ecological crisis associated with the drying up of the Aral Sea, degradation of the habitat of animals. The scale of poaching is essential. These and other negative factors are widely known to experts. Comprehensive measures have been developed in the region to mitigate the effects of environmental disasters, and the implementation of the implementation is incomplete. Representatives of the following genera were common for the animals studied: Taenia, Echinococcus, Fasciola, Schistosoma, Gongylonema. This is due to the well-known similarities in the way of life and nutrition of animals. The relationship of the helminth fauna of the studied artiodactyls with other orders of mammals (Tylopoda, Carnivorа, Rodentia, Lagomorhpa, Perissodactyla) is quite close and varies depending on the host group from 15.3 to 100%. It should be noted here that in the natural conditions of the study area, where all livestock sectors are developed, there is a mutual exchange between the respective groups of parasitic worms between wild and domestic hoofed. Other groups of mammals act as definitionary or intermediate helminths of the genus Taenia and Echinococcus. All of these circumstances need to be taken into account in the development and conduct of anti-episootic events.

Current state of Peganum Harmala resources in Uzbekistan
Khojimatov O.K., Khamraeva D.T., Khujanov A.N., Kasimov Z.Z., Abdiniyazova G.J.
Institute of Botany of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Institute of Natural Sciences of Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article contains data on the current state of plant resources Peganum harmala in the flat and foothill territories of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Volumes of possible preparation of vegetal raw materials are given and GIS maps with indication of main areas in the context of regions of the republic are compiled. It was found that at average rarefaction, the protective coating with Harmala thickets is 55-60%. The average yield of plants in terms of air-dry weight was 7.50 kg, the average yield per hectare is 750 kg in air-dry weight. Peganum harmala is most widely distributed in the desert and hadar territories of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Peganum harmala is found in various plant communities, of which the main Artemisia-peganum community, in which it participates as a dominant. The plant propagates well with the help of seeds and adapts to drought conditions. Currently, in the steppe territories of the Jizzak region (Farish region), the ranges of Peganum harmala are increasing, in our opinion this is due to the grazing of small and cattle, eating feed plants and young individuals grazing them, leaving harmala intact. As a result of research, it was found that on degraded pastures secondary pasture differences arise, formed under the influence of anthropogenic factors. The obtained results make it possible to predict the use of natural populations of ordinary harmala for the next 3-5 years without harming nature, while observing the collection interval in the same territory in 1-2 years.

An irrigation-stimulated succession in the Amudarya delta and its plant communities formation role
Mamutov N.K.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The paper concerns some issues of the modern state of deltaic plant communities in Amudarya river low course under anthropic pressure, climatic changes and inherent desertification processes. We examined causal expositive approach to a succession process stimulated with an irrigation for the predominant plant communities of Amudarya delta. The work educes the main stages of development of irrigation succession processes in modern ecological conditions of the Amudarya delta and gives the sequence of the ecological series. Long-term studies of the plant communities in the Amudarya delta revealed three main types of initial successions: haloseria, kseroseria and psammoseria. These successions differs with environmental conditions, also every stage demonstrates its own dynamics, index of the botanical diversity and specific phasic evolution. Formation path for these communities, marked with edificator species, strongly depends on water table. Successional and demutational changes in plant communities of forage lands in the Amudarya delta in case of disturbances are strongly dependent on various factors. We analyse main reason of productivity loss and degradation for basic plant communities. Some ways to improve these desert pastures also discussed.

Comparative analysis of ecological and biological indicators of plants-honey plants in the desert zone of the southern part of the Priaralie
Toreniyazova V.
Karakalpak Research Institute Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak branch Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Currently, the rational use and reproduction of natural resources is of great importance. These resources include honey plants, which are the food base for honey bees and other pollinators, as well as a source of beekeeping products that are important for human nutrition and health. Many plants are the main source of honey. Research on melliferous plants and their honey potential is an integral part of the field of science "Biological resources", which deals with the study of the composition, properties, geography of biological resources, the development of scientific foundations for forecasting and management of biological resources, their protection and reproduction. Of greatest interest for beekeeping are both wild species and agricultural crops, the most promising for use and application as sources of honey. The melliferous plants of Karakalpakstan are represented by 68 species. The article provides an analysis of the ecological and biological indicators of some plants-melliferous plants in the desert zone of the southern part of the Aral Sea region. 3 species of yantak, 10 species of comb and 1 species of alfalfa are characterized. The presented honey plants of the desert zone are a great resource potential in solving the problem of food security and providing the population with medicines.

Change in vegetation structuresouthern part of the Karakalpak Ustyurt
Adilov B.A., Tamambetova Sh.B., Shomurodov Kh.F., Rakhimova T., Polvonov F.I.
Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The sensitivity variable parameters of the Southern Ustyurt vegetation to transformation was established using mathematical modeling. NMDS analysis results show fundamental changes in almost all key areas located on the southern part of the Ustyurt plateau. At the same time, the change is accompanied by the weakening of the status or the disappearance of the dominant species. This trend is characterized by off-scale indicators of the variable parameters of communities from the confidence limit of the NMDS (95%). Based on NMDS analysis, the reasons for the off-scale sensitivity of variable parameters were determined in connection with three factors: exclusively one-way off-scale, one-way off-scale, two-way off-scale. The results show that changes in the structure of vegetation depend on changes in the parameters of one or several species, the role of which is significant for maintaining the structure of communities. It was revealed that the vegetation of the Southern Ustyurt is more sensitive to the emergence of new persistent compositors (species) with an influencing character, which indicates the transformation of the vegetation of the region. Kernel density shows that the vegetation of the western and southwestern parts of Ustyurt was characterized by a more similar density of vegetation distribution in 1970-1980. This is due to the fact that the phytocenosis of the surveyed area is characterized by a close coenoflora and an abundance of its compilers. At the present time, the monotony persists. However, new destabilized communities are emerging, differing in spatial density, which indicates the transformation of the vegetation cover of the South Karakalpak Ustyurt due to climate change.

Assessment of the State of eastern cliff mesophytic communities of the Karakalpak Usturt by biodiversity indices
Adilov B.A.
Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

Based on a comparison of geobotanical data of the 1970s and recent years, the changes in the mesophytic plant communities of the Ustyurt Eastern Cliff are shown in connection with climate aridization.The dynamics of the mesophytic communities of Eastern cliff are analyzed in terms of changes in biodiversity indices. Studies of changes in the biodiversity indices of mesophytic communities are given for representatives of Rosaeta laxae, Crataegeta Korolkovii, Medicageta sativae and Agropyreta fragile formations, distributed between Ulkentumsuk and Aktykendi, based on their old and current state. The indicators of ?- and ?-diversity were used. To identify changes in mesophytic and xeromesophytic plant communities. The results show that at present 7 out of 15 communities are actively present, given in 1970-1980. The remaining eight communities underwent rearrangements towards the fragmentary preservation of dominants or their complete disappearance. With the climate aridization due to the drying of the Aral Sea, the role of the peculiar structure of the relief and hydrothermal conditions of the Eastern Chink is weakened for the existence of unique mountain floristic elements of the Aral Sea region. The gradual disappearance of representatives of tugai, steppe and meadow vegetation, first of all, is accompanied by a decrease in the biodiversity index Margalef (D Mg ), polydominance (1-D) and an increase in the dominance index (D) due to a decrease in the number of community composers and their abundance. At the same time, mesophytic communities dominated by species with a wide geographic range remain less dynamic.

Ontogenetic structure cenopopulations of the Crambe Edentula Fisch. & C. A. Mey. Ex Korsh in Ustyurt Plateau
Tamambetova Sh.B., Adilov B.A., Rakhimova N.K.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute
Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

The article provides data on Crambe edentula — toothless katran (Brassicaceae) found in Karakalpakstan (Ust-Urt) on the slopes of ravines. Methods for assessing the current state and ontogenetic structure of coenopopulations, the coefficient of coenopopulation aging, and literature sources on the genus Crambe L. were studied. According to the results of the study of the ontogenetic structure of the studied coenopopulations, two types of spectrum were revealed: left-sided (CP 1, 2 and 3) and right-sided (CP 4), the ontogenetic spectra of the CP do not coincide with the characteristic ones. The ontogenetic spectrum of coenopopulations does not correspond to the characteristic one and does not reflect the biological features of individuals of this species. The ontogenetic structure of the species is related to the ecological and coenotic conditions of growth and fluctuations in weather conditions. C. edentula can be considered a threatened species, since all the studied coenopopulations are incomplete, due to the lack of a fraction of young individuals. This is also evidenced by the types of coenopopulations that are evaluated as young, mature, transitional and mature.

Assessment of the ecological status of peripheral water bodies of Karalpakstan and management of their productivity
Atajanova A.D., Mambetullaeva S.M.
Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article deals with the issues of the ecological status of the peripheral water bodies of Karakalpakstan and the management of their productivity. Currently, an urgent problem in the study of aquatic ecosystems is the study of peripheral lakes as indicators of the state of the environment. In addition, a change in the quality of atmospheric precipitation leads to a change in the geochemistry of the drainage system and the natural flow of elements, which can lead to changes in the quality of water resources within large areas. Peripheral lakes are the most informative objects for identifying regional and global environmental changes. The chemical composition of the waters of small lakes more clearly reflects the zonal and regional specifics of the conditions of its formation. Currently, the total area of the lake. Karateren is 2169 ha. The main source of food is groundwater and waste water. The ecological feature of the hydrochemical regime of the lake. Karateren is a seasonal change in the concentration of nutrients. PO 4 content in lake water Karateren is very small. Its main amount is accumulated in the bottom layer. The concentration of phosphorus in detritus (mobile form of P2O5) is subject to fluctuations. As the results of analyzes showed, in spring its content is 22.6-25.3 mg/kg, and in autumn it decreases to 13.728 mg/kg. This indicates that the resistance to eutrophicati on of aquatic ecosystems depends on the mobility of nutrients in the “water - bottom sediments” system.

Convective removal of aerosol in the South of Aral Sea region
Tleumuratova B.S., Narymbetov B.Zh.
Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the article, the convective removal of soil microparticles from desert surfaces is considered for the first time as a potential factor for an increase in summer air temperatures in the Southern Aral Sea region. The paper presents the results of calculations of the mass concentration of aerosol in the surface layer of the atmosphere, caused by convective flows. Calculations have shown the importance of convective aerosol transport in the Southern Aral Sea region, which increases the aerosol concentration to 1.2 mg/m 3 . Conclusions are made about the features of the process under consideration in the conditions of the Southern Aral Sea region. The absence of precipitation in the Southern Aral Sea region in July-August, which counteracts the convective removal of soil aerosol by washing out the aerosol from the atmosphere and wetting the underlying surface, ensures a continuous supply of aerosol particles into the atmosphere, which increases the climate-forming effect of the process under consideration. Strengthening the wind (3 m/s and higher) suppresses free convection. Thus, a significant convective aerosol carryover occurs only at a small range of wind speed (0-2 m/s).

The effect of flavonoid dihydroquercetin on contractile activity of rat aorta
Zaripov A.A., Esimbetov A.T., Usmanov P.B., Jurakulov Sh.N.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus
Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry at the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent

The aim of this research was to study the effect of the flavonoid dihydroquercet in isolated from plants of the genus Larix sibirica Ledeb on the contractile activity of rat aortic smooth muscleсells. The results of experiments show that the flavonoid dihydroquercetin has a pronounced relaxant effect and effectively relaxes the rat aorta preparations, previously contracted with hyperpotassium solutions. It was found that this effect of the flavonoid dihydroquercetin under conditions of hyperpotassium contracture depends on the presence of Ca 2+ ions in the incubation medium and significantly decreases with a decrease in their concentration in the latter. Due to the fact that contractions of aortic preparations induced by hyperpotassium solutions are due to the entry of Ca2+ ions into smooth muscle cells through L-type Ca 2+ -channels, it could be assumed that the blockade of these channels is the basis of the relaxant effect of the flavonoid dihydroquercetin. This assumption was confirmed according to experiments with verapamil, a specific blocker of L-type Ca2+ channels, in the presence of which the relaxant effect of dihydroquercetin under conditions of hyperpotassium contracture significantly decreased. It was found that in the presence of verapamil, the relaxant effect of dihydroquercetin decreases more significantly, which indicates that it is mainly provided due to the blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels, accompanied by suppression of the flow of Ca2+ ions into smooth muscle cells.

Theoretical interpretations of the concept of tax potential
Musagaliev A.J., Tureev A.A.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article provides a theoretical analysis from different points of view of approaches to draining the tax potential. In particular, the content of the concept of tax potential and financial potential is highlighted, interpretations based on views in foreign sources are interpreted based on the local characteristics of the country. The theoretical analysis of the importance of the value of the tax potential as a component in the structure of financial resources in the formation of budget revenues is carried out. The problem of determining the tax potential in the financial sciences of the country, calculating the tax potential of the region began to develop with the formation of the national tax system, and local economists in their studies highlighted the essence of the views and author's approaches to the tax potential. The authors put forward the idea that with the development of the tax potential of the regions, they serve as a reliable financial base for the full implementation of budgetary opportunities, socioeconomic tasks and obligations, in a timely and purposeful manner.

Assessment of the efficiency of water resoutces use in the Aral Sea region and development of forecast indicators
Sаukhanov J.K.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

It his paper looked through the socio-economic problems caused by water shortages in the Aral Sea region. As well as substantiated the role and importance of indicators such as water resources usage and its efficient in development of agriculture sector in the region. Due to the fact the drying up of the Aral Sea, increasing level of water scarcity, is forming water as an important factor influencing the cultivation of agricultural products in the region. The expansion of saline lands as a result of water shortages is also having external effects for the region , s population. These, in turn, have led to the formation of water resources as an important influencing factor in the development of agriculture in the region. The mentioned above increasing the urgency of the issue of eliminating or reducing the negative effects of water scarcity in the region. Beyond the research conducted a comparative analysis of the results of ongoing works to improve the efficiency of water use. At the same time, on the basis of modern econometric methods, the total limit allocated to the region and forecasted values for the medium term of its accomplishment were determined. Based on the conclusions obtained from the analysis, scientifically based proposals and recommendations were development to address the socio-economic problems caused by water scarcity in the region.

The role of the Orkhon-Yenisey inscriptions in the mirror of national history
Nazarov N.
Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering

The article is devoted to the historical ancient Turkic scripts - Orkhon-Yenisey monuments, which are the first Turkic written source and considers their role in the development of historical thinking also in ensuring the unity of the people. The place of Turkology and its role in the study of the problem of general Turkic significance are studied. Issues of spiritual and ideological educational value of written monuments are analyzed. The Orkhon-Yenisey monuments as an ancient Turkic writing developed in Altay, the Yenisey River basin in Siberia, the Orkhon River basin in Mongolia and Central Asia, and were used to express words in the Turkic languages in the 6th-8th centuries AD. Also, emphasis is placed on the fact that these works played a special role in the development of the thinking of the Turkic peoples. Turning to the essence of the runic inscriptions, it is proved that the Turkic tribes located in the basins of the upper reaches of the Yenisey and Orkhon used their own writing system. The study of ancient Turkic written monuments provides also the development of consciousness as an important aspect of the historical analysis of the past of the Turkic peoples. It is emphasized that the history of stone inscriptions is the history of the Turkic peoples, as well as the history of the Turkic Kaganate, and their study and popularization is a basis factor in the development of the common Turkic worldview.

Issues of the latest history of Karakalpakstan in the context of scientific research of foreign scientists
Ametov T.A.
Nukus branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University

The article tells about the works of foreign scientists belongs to the history of Karakalpakstan. The socio-political, economic, cultural life of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is covered in its works. And also foreign scholars in their books have thought about the historiography of Karakalpakstan. The study of the problems of the Aral Sea is also in the spotlight of foreign scientists. In particular, the interest of foreign scientists in the agricultural sector of Karakalpakstan is growing. In particular, current studies of the stages of socio-political, socio-economic development of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the problems of the transition period, as well as changes in the way of life in social relations, social tolerance, humanity and tolerance, stability, regional security policy are not enough. However, in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, but also in the CIS countries and other countries of the world, scientific research is carried out in various areas of international achievements, and their share is growing every year. Although domestic and foreign historians have done some work on the recent history of Karakalpakstan, an objective, truthful study of their methodological approach and views on facts and historical events is one of the most important problems facing modern historiography.

Habits and traditions: the struggle to affirm and overcome
Saparniyazov A.T.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The need for this research was determined by the increasing needs, transformations taking place in the value orientations and interests of representatives of different generations. Based on this provision, this article is guided by the ideas of President Sh.Mirziyoyev and based on the available diverse materials; the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of struggle and affirmation of various traditions and habits, as well as issues of generational change in the current stage of development of our society are considered. In addition, this study shows what the relations between generations in modern Karakalpak society are, how the mechanism of inheritance of traditions is violated – these issues are the focus of the author's attention. Also, the article identifies some of the reasons for the transformation of traditions and habits, presents views of author on a number of controversial issues, and analyzes some of the reasons for changing the living conditions of people and people themselves, the problem of struggle and approval of social norms is considered in an interdisciplinary perspective. Further expansion of the study of all aspects of the problem requires assistance from specialists in various branches of science. At the same time, it should be assumed that scientists and practitioners need to develop these issues at various levels – with the development of specific recommendations for practical educational, organizational and economic activities. The author of this article also tried to adhere to this principle.

Qorakamar is the centre of cave (Middlte Zarafshon)
Kholmatov N.U. Курбонбоев И.М
Samarkand State University

The article is devoted to one of the Stone Age monuments in the valley of the Middle Zerafshan. To illuminate the material culture of the Korakamar cave site. Analyzing the accumulated material, the stratigraphy was revealed, the chronology and features of the material culture of the site were determined. Based on the analysis of the typology of the stone industry, its Mesolithic roots became apparent. At one time, this region was a poorly studied area of the Mesolithic monuments in the system of the communal culture of the Stone Age. Therefore, it is difficult to connect the material culture of the Late Paleolithic monument of Samarkand with the culture of the Neolithic communities and determine its heritage, as a result of which the question of the historical roots of the Stone Age cultures of the region remained open. The results of the typological analysis of the mentioned stone tools provide a scientific basis for the conclusion that the material culture of the Karakamar cave belongs to the last stage of the Mesolithic period (VIII-VII millennia BC). Sazogon 1, Chorbakti Mesolithic monuments, Karakamar cave in the Akhilgor space system (lower cultural layer) form a cultural link between the Late Paleolithic of Samarkand and the Sazogan Neolithic period, embodying the material culture of the Mesolithic communities of the Zarafshan oasis.

Public control as a modern mechanism of cooperation
Bayrieva A.Q.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article examines public control as a mechanism for strengthening cooperation between the representative government and civil society. The views of scientists on the principles and mechanisms of public control as a factor influencing the state in the interests of society are studied and interpreted. Also, we will talk about the laws of public control in our country and their essence and vital importance. In this regard, the views of the head of state and the tasks of public control will be highlighted. In addition, the main directions of the activities of the Public Chamber of the Republic of Uzbekistan will be discussed. Particular attention will be paid to the mechanism of cooperation between representative bodies and civil society institutions to ensure public control, the functions and powers of representative bodies, the powers of civil society institutions as subjects of public control and areas of strengthening cooperation between representative bodies and civil society institutions. Based on the main goal of the article, representative bodies and institutions of civil society are invited to develop a strategy for increasing public participation at certain stages of the development of society, as well as the main directions of this strategy.

Problems of the struggle for justice in fairy tales (Images of heroes, kings, khans, judges)
Oteniyazov P.J., Opaev B.A.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The life experiences of people are epically expressed in fairy tales. In particular, folk tales depict young men, heroes, shepherds, workers, oppressing rich people who exploit them, do not pay wages, as well as just and unjust kings, khans, judges, wise, wise people who solve their problems. Disagreement, protests often arise because the rich cheat poor workers by not paying them their wages. In the past, the symptoms of feudalism had very dire consequences. Rich people were cruel, not forcing them to work, just as they forced the poor to work. Poor people who complain often do not listen to unjust judges, rich people listen to judges and lose confidence when they receive their "awards." Some tales speak of righteous kings, khans, judges and sages who justly resolve disputes. The king, dressed in poor working clothes, is watching with his trusted minister, wanting to know what is happening among the people. In some cases, the king or khan sends his confidants to the people to find out the secrets and plans of thieves. In some cases, judges value fairness and support victims. Another judge demands an explanation from the victim, or the judge finds a solution to the problem using common sense, logical questions and answers. Of course, in most life stories, the relationship between rich and poor is exaggerated with a little artistic flavor. We see this on the example of a number of Karakalpak folk tales. In the article, the authors focus on the struggle of the heroes of Karakalpak folk tales for justice, the image of a judge, a king who ensures justice.

Karakalpak literary science and literary process of the XXI century
Orinbaev T.B.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article examines the Karakalpak literary process of the XXI century and its impact on literary studies. Karakalpak literature of the XXI century is enriched with art works of lyrical, epic and dramatic genres. The literary process of this period influenced the development of literary criticism. Specialists in philosophy, pedagogy, history and other fields took an active part in writing literary and critical articles in newspapers and magazines. The article discusses the principles of the development of literary criticism. At the same time, the methods of interpretation of a work of art in literary and critical articles are investigated. With the advent of collections of prose and poetry in the XXI century, it became necessary to study them in the field of literary studies. As a result, in dissertation and monographic works, the object of research was the artistic works of the beginning of the XXI century. The article examines thetheoretical aspects of such monographs and dissertations.

Poetical service of conflicts in the novel «Akdarya» by K.Sultanov
Asenbaeva G.Kh.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article analyzes the poetic role of conflicts in the novel "Akdarya" by the famous Karakalpak writer K. Sultanov. In it, the events of the world war and realities of the epoch, a basis for the plot of the novel "Akdarya", find their artistic expression. In the novel, the author uses the contradictions of the realities of life as a basis for conflict, and assimilates those conflicts into the whole plot-compositional integrity of the work. It is clear that they, along with the provision of compositional integrity, also play a poetic role in the development and maturation of the story. Meanwhile the writer has ability to reveal psychological characters of heroes in the composition and also he managed to reflect some secondary characters especially negative heroes in theinterrelationships and conflicts that’s why it is considered capability of thewriter. The writer describes some characters in the process of plot and conflicts, what is more, it is represented that story and arguments are the main aspect to define characters including essentialfeatures in the novel. This way illustrates not only unmodified individuals, but also several opposing viewpoints, deficiencies, achievements, psychology. At the same time, the author K.Sultanov uses in the article above mentioned methods to characterize the hero in the novel "Akdarya", along with poetic methods, attempts were made to reveal the character of the protagonists in the face of conflicts, which were discussed by giving examples from the novel "Akdarya".

English translation of the nogaj version of the legend aboutedigej (London, 1842) in the modern Russian statement
Soyegov M.
Magtymguly Institute of language, literature and national manuscripts of Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan, Ashkhabad

In the given part of article which consists of two interconnected parts, the modern Russian text which has been carried out by the author of article from English translation of Alexander Chodzko of the London edition of 1842 is presented. In the text all notes of the English translator, and also its initial short introduction are left. The text of the national legend is presented as the appendix to the first part of article.

Models of stable comparisons, indicating the character, emotional state and appearance of a person in the "Alpamys" folk
Nzamatdinova D.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanities of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The study of the language of a literary work, the lexical-semantic, morphological and stylistic features of stable comparisons when describing a person’s character, his emotional state and appearance, research analysis - all this has a very positive impact on the development of the literary language of every nation. This article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of models of stable comparisons of the paramount semantics representing the properties and qualities of a person’s character and his emotional state in the images of heroes of Karakalpak folk dastans. The language of folklore, along with other forms of literary and artistic creativity, has become an object of study for a wide range of linguists. In the Karakalpak language, figuratively stable comparisons occupy a special place, since comparison is the oldest technique of cognizing reality. Especially, Karakalpak folk dastans are very rich in stable comparisons. The article considers stable comparisons in the Alpamys dastan, indicating the character and emotional state of a person. Dastan "Alpamys" is one of the original samples of oral folk art of the Karakalpaks, reflecting the value, moral and ethical orientations of the Karakalpak people, especially their mentality. The models of sustainable comparisons in dastans are divided into productive and unproductive. In dastans, stable comparisons with the endings -day, -day are very often used than stable comparisons with comparative unions. Stable comparisons are the main and initial forms in the description of images. Stable comparisons in this work are distinguished by their vivid stylistic and lexical features.

Semantics of some verbs of action in the turkish language (on the example of Uzbek, Karakalpak, Turkmen languages)
Kilichov N.R., Karimova D.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article analyzes the semantics of action verbs in the Uzbek, Karakalpak and Turkmen languages. In the genetic classification of world languages, the Turkic languages belong to a common language family, and these languages have a common Turkic lexical layer. Nevertheless, from the time when these languages began to differentiate, to this day due to various changes in the way of life, attitudes towards events, the material and spiritual life of peoples, differences in the semantics of words, features and the study of modern linguistics. Along with the comparative study of the semantics of words related to the lexical layer of the Turkic languages, there is a need to study these units on the basis of the anthropocentric paradigm, i.e. based on linguocultural, pragmatic, sociolinguistic aspects. From this scientific point of view, this article describes the various and common meanings of the verb on which the common Turkic word in the Turkic languages is based. On specific sources, the semantic development is proved on the basis of the inter-Turkic dialectal differentiation of the verb suz. The features of homonymy and synonymy are also illustrated with separate examples. The valence possibilities of this word were also studied.

Periphrases in the language branch newspapers of Karakalpakstan
Kallibekova G.P.
Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Humanities Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article discusses in detail the scientific works specially studied regarding the periphrases in Russian and Uzbek linguistics. In it, you can also familiarize yourself with the process of researching periphrases in the Karakalpak language. In particular, the periphrases of the language of the branch newspapers of Karakalpakstan were studied. Paraphrases actively used in newspaper language are analyzed, dividing them into four types. 1) periphrases, denoting a face; 2) paraphrases expressing the names of the holidays; 3) periphrases, meaning the name of the area; 4) periphrases denoting an object or thing, a certain event. There are also paraphrases created by publicists and journalists. The article proves with the help of examples the important place of paraphrases that serve to ensure the life of mankind, paraphrases necessary for their constant use, also paraphrases characterizing workers who serve in the name of human health, periphrases regarding human intellectual activity, paraphrases associated with plant and the animal world, periphrases regarding culture and sports, periphrases used in comparison of some products with metal products, periphrases indicating the seasons. It is noted that the study of paraphrases in the newspaper language is one of the urgent tasks in the Karakalpak literary language.

A persons name is a cultural sign
Daniyarova Z.
Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Humanities Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article is a little closer to the field of cultural studies and language than the object of cultural linguistics, but differs in content and object of research. It is about how the culture of the people is reflected in the language, the mentality of the language and the definition of nationality. In any culture, a human name serves as a sociocultural symbol. The name system with a long history carries traces of the national identity and worldview of this nation. Anthroponyms have a vivid national and cultural identity, because they collect and store not only linguistic, but also historical and cultural information. There will be opinions of any people, including peoples, tribes, clans and ethnic groups, aimed at distinguishing one from the other. Just as there are naming rules, there are also etiquette for naming and naming. The inhabitants of Karakalpakstan, like other peoples, have historical, national and ethnographic traditions of naming children. For this reason, it became necessary to look for the source of the national character of anthroponyms in the national culture of the people.

On the question of studying the category of finality in the sentence structure of the English language
Eshimbetova G.D., Nurillaev Kh.K., Eshimbetova G.Sh.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article deals with the adverbial modifier of purpose (finality) in the structure of English sentences based on linguistic methods, such as componential and syntax-based analysis, various types of transformations developed by Professor A.M.Mukhin and his students are used. The object of study is to consider the expression of finality. The expressions of processuality and actionality are proved by means of omission transformation. The research is carried out both in syntagmatic and paradigmatic terms. Based on these methods, i.e. componential and syntaxeme analysis of the final syntaxemas and transformational method, it is possible to identify and study the paradigmatic series of substantial, processual and quail ficativefinal syntaxemes, determine the systems of variants of the identified syntaxemas and study their functional features. This approach to the study of final syntaxemas in the structure of sentences provides ample opportunities to analyze them in a comparative-typological plan on the material of related and unrelated languages.

The system of views of Eastern and Western scientists on the development of interest in education in a child, the historical roots of the approach to science
Karimova M.A.
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages

The article examines the system of views of scientists from the East and the West on the development of interest in knowledge in a child, the historical roots of attitudes towards science, issues of raising children in the system of ethical and aesthetic values of mankind in the works of representatives of medieval oriental literature included in the treasury of world classics, teaching children in the spirit over time, raising them talented, intelligent, good-natured, knowledgeable and capable. Attention is paid to the views of thinkers on knowledge and the problem of acquiring knowledge, on a lifestyle based on knowledge, issues of the formation of a child, world historical experience in issues of personality formation. The views of Islamic theologians, poets, mystical scientists and progressive thinkers, who have contributed to the national education system, on the issues of personality formation, in particular, on the human factor in the interaction of society and the individual, the pedagogical views of thinkers on child development are analyzed. The consolidated position of scientists and thinkers of the East on many issues of personality formation is noteworthy, in particular, that this process should first of all be based on the knowledge base, on the search for knowledge, and only then on such value concepts as honesty, good intentions, righteousness of actions, etc. It will also consider the views of scientists on the importance of education and instilling a craving for knowledge in matters of building a just society, the incorrect denial of modern and secular sciences, the introduction of school education, family education, mental development of the child.

The oretical basis for studying the activities of managers and the system of management personnel
Atamuratov M.U.
Tashkent State Technical University

From the first days of independence, the issue of personnel policy and the spiritual and political education of administrative personnel became one of the priorities and was raised to the state policy of the country. In Uzbekistan, the improvement and growth of the political activity of management personnel are associated with some objective and subjective factors. Democratization is a difficult and not easily feasible process, and in this matter it is necessary to study the historical, political activity of young management personnel. The specific patterns of this issue are analyzed in this article, the theoretical aspects of the views of Western and Eastern scholars about leaders and management personnel are analyzed, important political and philosophical views on the role and place of leaders and management personnel in the history of society development are put forward. In addition, new requirements for leaders and management personnel at a new stage of development of Uzbekistan were studied, scientific and theoretical aspects in combination with the problems facing modern society, the conditions and factors for increasing their political activity were revealed. The reforms aimed at developing the managerial competencies of civil servants and managerial personnel in Uzbekistan have been studied. Also, the article highlights such issues as the importance of in-depth study today of the problem of political activity of young personnel, an analysis of the features and patterns of this problem.