Mathematical models and criteria for water distribution quality in main channels
Kudaybergenov A.A.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

Abstract. Due to changes in water availability over the years, when there is high or low water, there is a need for such distribution of water resources that they are sufficient for irrigation of crops in the field. The parameters of the water flow process in the channels are distributed in time and space, i.e. the parameters of the water flow depend on the distance and time of movement. Hydro technical (water intake, blocking, etc.) structures are located in separate gates along the length of irrigation system channels. The modern theory of water distribution (characteristics, quality indicators, models and methods of water distribution) in irrigation systems is based mainly on the continuous supply of water to their consumers, and it is also based on the equations of continuity and quantity of movement of water flow in channels and continuity of processes in space and time. In most irrigation systems, in conditions of water availability or scarcity, the mode of water supply to consumers is carried out discretely in time (at a certain time to a certain consumer), so the parameters of water flow in such systems depend on the uniform operation of structures. Mathematical models of water distribution in irrigation systems channels have been developed, including direct and kinematic wave models, convection-diffuse models, and a complete model of unsteady water flow movement in channel sections. Criteria for the quality of water distribution in canal sections, side water intakes and pumping stations have also been developed. The initial and boundary conditions, areas for determining variables, and restrictions on the process of water distribution in channels are defined for them.

Some issues of coverage design of the unfortified slopes of earthen dams in reservoirs
Baymanov K.I., Tajibayev Sh.J.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article shows the magnitude and nature of the impact of waves on the slope mounts based on the analysis of experiments in design, construction and operation, as well as the results of scientific research on the attachment of slopes of earth structures. A method for calculating reinforced concrete slabs of slope attachment is proposed, which allows determining the most economical thickness of the plates and the characteristics of stability of slopes by its limit. In this article on the basis of analysis of theoretical and experimental researches we have developed the method of calculation of fastening of earth structures slopes which allows fastening of slopes of dams reservoirs and ponds constructed in the lower reaches of the Amudarya river. The article considers the questions of stability of soil slopes, and illustrates the nature of the impact forces on the slopes of earthworks. The analysis of most common engineering methods of calculation of stability of soil slopes is performed. An assessment of slope stability based on the decision of the hypothesis kropiewnicki sliding surfaces. The importance of the probabilistic approach and continue the research to define the scope of the collapse of soil slopes.

Theoretical study of the working process of the cotton stalk shredder
Auezov O.P., Baltaniyazov A.S.
Nukus branch of Tashkent state agrarian University

The article presents the results of a theoretical study of the working process of a cotton stalk shredder. Schematically, one of the two disk working unit is presented, which consists of two pairs of knives fastened with a cross on the disk, horizontally installed at the lower end of the vertical shaft of rotation. When working, each disk working node covers two rows of cotton stalks. The workflow of the disk shredder is schematically presented. In this case the equations of motion of the knives in parametric form. The cutting speed of the knives of the chopper is characterized by the trajectory of their movement, which is a lengthened cycloid trochoid. It is established that the cutting speed is equal to the absolute speed of the outer point of the knife. It is established that the cutting speed is variable and varies depending on the angle of rotation of the disk working unit. It is established that in two positions of the disk working node at a = 0 and a = pi, its absolute velocity is equal to the algebraic sum of the velocities and is directed tangentially to the circle of action of the disk working node. The dependence of the length of cutting stems on the radius of the disk working node, the number of knives and the ratio of the translational speed of the unit to the circumferential speed of the disk working node is established. The main design and operating parameters of the disk working unit of the shredder are determined.

Spreading of a stream constrained by a combined dam with a through part of tetrahedrons
Bakiyev M.R., Halimbetov A.B., Maalem N., Asamatdinov I.Zh.
Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers
"Gosvodkhoznadzor" in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Nukus

The work of a combined dam with a through part of tetrahedrons is considered. This design allows us to solve important problems: increasing the channel capacity in the narrowing range, reducing the depth of local erosion at the head and preventing the dam from going around from the root. Most of the research in this sphere have been carried out on the study of patterns of flow constrained by transverse structures in valley parts of rivers. The main goal of this work is to establish the physical picture of flow around a combined dam, the through-flow part of which is made of tetrahedrons, as well as to develop a design method for flow velocity field. Formation of two regimes have been established experimentally, i.e. "calm" at and "critical" at . These regimes are mainly affected by flow contraction degree n_д, and Froude number Fr. The main goal of this work is to establish the physical picture of flow around a combined dam, the through-flow part of which is made of tetrahedrons, as well as to develop a design method for flow velocity field. Formation of two regimes have been established experimentally, i.e. "calm" at iд=ikp. These regimes are mainly affected by flow contraction degree nд and Froude number Fr. The presence of the following zones have been established: core, intensive turbulent mixing and backflow zones, as well as the affinity of velocity fields in the zone of mixing by Shlihting-Abramovich. The task has been realized for "calm" regime with the use of integral relationship expressing law of conservation of momentum in the flow, equation for conservation of discharge and differential equation for nonuniform motion of transit flow with the account of tangential turbulent stresses on lateral surfaces by Prandtl. As opposed to the existing solutions we accounted for the presence of two regions of spreading with different slopes of water surface, horizontal component of fluid weight, nonuniform distribution of velocities in head section, high roughness and the case when sections of target and vertical contraction don't match. Satisfactory results are obtained by comparing theoretical solution and experimental data.

Theoretical substantiation of the parameters of the track scavengers of a wide-grip small-leveling device
Tukhtakuziev A., Naurizbayev A.
Sсientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Tashkent

The article describes the device developed in SRIAM and equipped with track eradicators wide-grip mounted small-leveler and the results of theoretical studies to substantiate the type and parameters of the track eradicator. The developed small leveler consists of the central and right and left side sections, they are hinged in the transverse-vertical plane and the side sections are transferred from the working position to the transport position and from the transport position to the working position by means of a hydraulic cylinder. Each section consists of transverse and connecting longitudinal beams, the transverse beam, located first in the direction of travel, is equipped with an equalizer, and the second transverse beam is equipped with a seal. The central section is additionally equipped with a hitch and working bodies for loosening the tracks formed from the tractor wheels. According to the results of the theoretical studies, for installation on a wide-grip small-leveler, pointed shares are recommended as a ripper of tractor wheel tracks. To ensure high-quality loosening of the tracks formed from the tractor wheels, their angle of entry into the soil should be within 20-26°, crumbling angle – within 36-44°, wing opening angle – 60°, blade sharpening angle 12-15°, the grip width when using one working body is 47 cm, and when using one track of two working bodies for loosening it is 26 cm. Research on the given materials was carried out on the basis of fundamental laws and rules of higher mathematics, applied mechanics and agricultural mechanics. The results obtained are reliable, have novelty and practical significance, and also enrich the theory and practice of tillage machines.

Experience in numerical simulation of flow transformation up-stream of the Amu Darya river
Sherfedinov L.Z., Aimbetov I.K.
SE «GIDROINGEO», Tashkent
KarakalpakResearchInstitute of Natural Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article presents the results of numerical modeling of the transformation of the up-stream Amu Darya river runoff to the beginning and end of the first stage of massive development of its resources. Authors believe that an adequate view of water formation and its transformation is obtained. Based on the analysis of existing research on green modes of water use and consumption in the upper reaches of the river marked by their relevance, and practical implementation of these studies is expected to lead to the improvement of the waters and lands in the middle and lower reaches of the river. Water formation in the Amu Darya river basin occurs mainly in its upper reaches, located in the Pamir-Alai and Eastern Pamir. In the middle reaches of the river was a transit, and since the 50 the years of the last century, its flow here was sorted into interregional main channels. In the lower reaches of the river flow dispersed and reached the Aral sea, and by the end of the XX century, the main trunk and channels acquired "blind ends", and irrigated and built-up areas are subject to" dry drainage» and progressive occurrence. It is proposed to consider the resources of the Amu Darya before they have acquired trans boundary status and, primarily, the formation of water flow and the transformation of water runoff in its up-stream, the formation of their resources and irrigation effects on them.

Prospects for processing phosphorites of Karakalpakstan
Khudoiberdiev F.I., Tadjiev S., Bauatdinov S., Bauatdinov Т., Takhirova N.
Nukus branch of Navoi State Mining Institute
Institut of General and inorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The Republic of Karakalpakstan has rich deposits of phosphorites, glauconites, bentonites from the Sultan-Wizdag, Ketmenshi, Borlytau, Chukai-tugai, Khojakul, Krantau, Nukus and others deposits. They can be used in agriculture as raw materials of local importance. Phosphorites of Karakalpakstan can become the main raw material base for local fertilizers. The development of scientific foundations and activation technologies that translate the non-digestible form of nutrients into the digestible forms for plants is an urgent problem. The introduction of ammonium sulfate into the system not only increases the degree of decomposition of the phosphate mineral, but also improves the particle size distribution and quality of the finished product. Recently, micronutrient fertilizers (boron, copper, molybdenum, manganese, zinc, cobalt, iodine, etc.) are practically not used on the sown areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan, although plants need them only in very small quantities, but plants cannot develop normally without them. In the field of processing phosphorite, glauconite, bentonite, vermiculite and other natural minerals based on their chemical activation, it is necessary to substantiate a number of existing scientific solutions, including: establishing optimal conditions for the chemical activation of phosphorites and glauconite with mineral acids or their salts; development of a rational technology for obtaining new types of activated complex-mixed fertilizers.

Common ficus (Ficus Carica). Biological features, pharmacology and application in traditional medicine
Berdimbetova G.E., Orazova Sh.Sh., Qarlibaeva B.P.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Science of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Today the flora of Karakalpakstan is rich in many medicinal plants. The article provides a brief overview of common figs (Ficus Carica). Growing in the conditions of Karakalpakstan, their biological, pharmacological properties, practical value and use in folk medicine. Based on the analysis of information resources in the article, we can say that almost all representatives of common figs have a wide range of pharmacological properties due to the composition of various biologically active substances, which is confirmed by its use in traditional medicine in many countries. In addition, a number of scientific pharmacological studies have shown that figs offer hope for an effective medicine. Given these characteristics and the enormous potential of the local plant, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and comparative study of its chemical components and their assessment as sources of natural nutrients. According to the authors, the fig plant (Ficus Carica) contains many substances with physiological properties that affect the body. They are used for prophylactic purposes and in practice for the treatment of all diseases.

Improvement of saline lands through the use of local mineral agro-ore
Bauatdinov S., Ismailov U.E., Bauatdinov T., Ismailov D., Qurbashev U.
Research Insitute of Natural Scienes of the Karakalpak branch of the Akademik of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Nukus
Nukus branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University

Irrigarional lands of the Republic of Karakalpakstan are salty and have low productivity. Every year saltiness appears again because underground water is situated near the land surface. Consequently, if there is no constant meliorative actions, there is no opportunity on receiving high harvest from agricultural crops. Field experiment was carried out in order to improve salty lands of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The aims of the experiment are improving meliorative condition of soil, increasing its productivity, defining influence of organic fertilizers and local agro ores. As a result of investigations it was obvious that when mineral fertilizers were fully used, the amount of chlorine and other salts increased, soil productivity decreased at the end of vegetation. When the amount of mineral fertilizers was shortened to 25% and additionally 10, 20 t/ha organic fertilizers and 1,5-2,0 t/ha celadon green from local agro ores were used, increasing the amount of chlorine and other salts slows down, the amount of nutritious elements in the structure of soil also balances. It was defined that for improving salty lands it is effective using N180, P130, K90 kg/ha mineral fertilizers, 20 t/ha organic fertilizer, 1,5-2,0 t/ha celadon green in improving soil and increasing cotton productivity.

The quantitative composition of carbohydrates of the plant Nitraria Schoberi
Amanova G.I., Sherimbetov S.G., Ishimov U.J., Eshmurodova N.Sh.
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Tashkent State Technical University

According to the literature, most species of the Nitrariaceae family contain peptides, proteins, alkaloids, aminocysts, vitamins, and many other biologically active substances, including the Nitraria schoberi plant. During expeditions to the regions of the South Aral Sea, it was noted that the plant populations of Nitraria schoberi L. widespread in this region adapt to the external environment. Observations have shown that the growth, development, flowering and fruit formation of the plant is significantly accelerated. N. schoberi naturally occupies large areas in the dry southern regions of the Aral Sea. Until today, no scientific research has been carried out to determine the chemical composition and biologically active substances of the N. schoberi plant, which is common in the arid southern regions of the Aral Sea. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of carbohydrates above the terrestrial organs of N. schoberi, laboratory analyzes were carried out using the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a result, for the first time, a high content of fructose in fruits and seeds and glucose in the leaves of N.schoberi was determined. According to the results of the carbohydrate analysis of N.schoberi, it is advisable to use plant populations as a reserve in the production of new generation drugs; it also requires deep scientific research.

The carbohydrate content of the plant Lycium ruthenicum growing in the southern territory of the Aral Sea
Abdirakhimova S.Sh., Sherimbetov S.G.
National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugber, Tashkent
Institute of bioorganic chemistry of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent.

In the article, first determined the carbohydrate content in the fruits and leaves of the plant Lycium ruthenicum, growing in the southern territory of the Aral Sea. Investigated the percentage of reducing sugars, sucrose and the total content of carbohydrates aqueous extraction using the Bertrand method. From the above experimental data shows that the total content of carbohydrates and aqueous extraction in fruits is very high. Hereinafter, it may be an important value for use in medical practice and as a product of functional nutrition.

Introduction and Bioecological Characteristics оf Robinia Pseudoacacia L., in Saline Soils of the South Aral Sea
Otenov T.O., Grokhovatsky I.A., Ospanov A.J., Otenova Z.T.
Karakalpak Research Insitute of Natural Scienсes of the Karakalpak Branch of the Akademy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

This article is devoted to the introduction and bioecological characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia L. As green resources of Karakalpakstan are limited, because of climate aridity and saline soils, that’s why optional introduction and adaptation of plants are very important. In such environment robinia, false-acacia for landscape architecture could be widely used. Robinia is a representative of North American native flora. In nature environment this tree is up to 25-30 m high. It was introduced in Karakalpakstan about in 1930-1931. Robinia could be well propagated by seeds during autumn sowing, if cultivated in spring. Robinia grows rapidly especially in May-June but in July the growth of the plant slow down. White Acacia after 25 to 35-40 years grow more slowly than at young age. Root system: Plant Robinia has well developed and combined type of root system. It roots could grow both directions vertically and horizontally. Vertical roots go deep and enabled the plant to gain nutrients in the deep layers of the soil. Horizontal roots spread around making the plant stronger to stand any wind blowing. The plant has also some bioecological character too. One of the noticeable feathers of this plant is that it belongs to nitrogen-fixing types of plants allowing to enrich the soil with necessary nutrients. Robinia has mixed-type of generative-growth buds. Simultaneously with the swelling of the mixed-type buds, also grow its shoots. They could come out on the top and in the middle part of the plant where inflorescences appear. In Nukus environment, flowering of the plant mostly depends on weather conditions and could take place during 5-10 days. The fruit of Robinia represents a multi-seeded bean. The seed consists of a peel and a germ having two fleshy cotyledons. When grown by seeds, it begins to bloosom for the first time at the age of 3-4 years and abundantly bears fruit in the 5th year of live. When this plant transplanted to nursery school with annual seedlings, they usually bloom later than seedlings left without transplant. The next important feature of introduced Robinia is that the plant is very tolerant. It could stand any frost and severe winter and the same time it could stand heat easily. The plant also could live with lack of moisture in the soil, and as well with atmospheric dryness. In moisture environmnet it grows better than in dry one, but it doesn’t like total moisturize. Abundance of heat, soil fertility, moisture and light are the most favorable factors for building a dense and sustainable plant cover. Robinia also has some fito-curable character. In folk medicine its rind and flowers are used to treat some diseases. And its wood is widely used both in industry and also in agriculture and forest farming.

Studying different hybrids of sunflower in the condition of agricultural scientific-research institute of Karakalpakstan
Aitjanov B.U., Seitbaev R.S., Aitjanov U.E.
Karakalpak Scientific-research Institute of the Husbandry, Chimbay

The main object of research is creating sorts of sunflower which are resistant to drought in the regions of our republic where water is deficient. Hybridizing in selection of agricultural crops changes heredity, and the opportunity of appearing plastic genotypes, which adapt to new environment, was created. Hybridizing and choosing are the main factors of creating new sorts, and in most sides it is connected to chosen methods of combining and the genotype of initial materials. It is known that most parts of organic elements in plants are spent for appearing reproductive parts. Fast riping feature of sunflower was studied in the condition of agricultural scientific-research institute of Karakalpakstan. In consequence of having high heterozygous state of hybrids, which are received as aresult of difficult combining between hybrids, it was obvious that the effectiveness of heterotic vigor is high according to the features which provide endurance to water deficiency. Opportunities of forming drought resistant genotypes, which show valuable economical features, were created by different hybridizing.

Factors and conditions influencing upon the natural fishery of the water bodies in south Aral Sea region
Orel M.M., Matjanova Kh.K., Matjanov T.K.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Studies on the use of the potential of water ecosystems for the development of fisheries, the assessment of the productivity of water bodies, the introduction of various forms and technologies of fish farming to obtain additional volumes of fish raw products are relevant for the South Aral Sea region. In the South Aral Sea region, the main (large) natural reservoirs where fish were previously caught, and where it is currently possible to organize industrial reproduction of fish products are: Sudochinskaya system of lakes, Lake Jiltirbas, Lake Dautkul, Lake Sarbas, Muynak Bay. In these water reservoirs for replenishment of commercial fish, it is possible to organize additional breeding of fish species such as silver carp and grass carp. The given data in the article is about how to raise fishery of water bodies of the South Aral Sea Region. There are characterized main conditions from which depends the value of product of fish in water bodies: ecological, quality and amount of the natural food and type of grown fish. Using biological, meliorative and physics-chemical measures of the influence on water bodies is possible to perfect the living conditions of fish and hereunder get greatly possible fish product.

The role and history of the Otostegia Benth. (Lamiaceae lind L.) study in world floras
Khabibullaev B., Shomurodov Kh., Matjanova Kh.
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Otostegia Benth. belongs to the Lamiaceae family, which is distributed in small areas in some parts of the world, the number of species is one of the most complex families with a much smaller content than other genus of the family. Representatives of the Otostegia genus, which grow in the gypsum regions of Central Asia, are an integral part of the phytocenoses of gypsum soils that form true relict gypsophytes. It should be noted that on Earth, the species grows in relatively similar climatic conditions, despite the fact that it is distributed on two continents and in several floristic regions. They are formed in areas of high aridity, in areas where the soil is rich in various sulfate compounds. The Otostegia genus, as Dipcadi and Gaillonia growing only in the sedimentary soils of Central Asia, also associates our flora with paleotrophs. All species that grows in loamy soils are endemic. The analysis of the flora of different soils is a very interesting task in solving the problem of the development history of the Central Asia flora. In many countries of the world where representatives of this genus grow, research is underway to identify the current state of species populations and the main factors leading to their decline. Modern literature also has data on the creation of a living collection of rare and endangered species of the genus Otostegia in situ, quasi in situ and ex situ. The results of our research have shown that the main threat to population decline is habitat loss and intensive grazing. Territories where species of this genus grow are used for pasture all year round. Haphazard grazing has led to the degradation of natural vegetation and the emergence of drift species.

The structure of the fauna of bird helminths of the order of Galliformes of Karakalpakstan
Jangabaev A.S., Аrepbaev I.M., Аkramova F.D., Shakarbaev U.А., Аzimov D.А.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus
Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

The article is devoted to the study of the fauna of helminths of chickens in Karakalpakstan. In the studied domestic and wild birds, 27 species of helminths were identified. Of these, 23 species were recorded in domestic animals (chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls) and 14 in wild chickens (partridge, gray partridge, quail and pheasant). The total extensiveness of the chicken helminth infestation was - 43.7%. Comparing the helminth fauna of domestic and wild chickens from various zones of Karakalpakstan, one can note the presence of common parasite species of the studied groups of birds. This includes the types of cestodes - Davainea proglottina, Raillietina cestitillus, Choanotaenia infundibulum; species of trematodes - Echinostoma revolutum, Plagiorchis arcuatus, Prosthogonimus cuneatus; nematode species - Capillaria caudinflata, Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinatum, which is probably due to the common lifestyle and diet. At the same time, in these groups of chickens, we have noted specific types of helminths. So, turkeys kept near the Karadzhar lake systems (Kungrad region of Karakalpakstan) were infected with mature trematodes Colliryculum faba, which were in cysts of the skin of the abdomen and breast of the bird. This is the first case of detection of a trematode in Uzbekistan. We observed the nematodes Diplotriaena perdicus and Ornithofilaria papillocerca, also for the first time in wild chickens, in quail and pheasant, respectively. The presented materials can be used in the development of methods for the prevention of helminthiasis in poultry farms in Karakalpakstan.

Issues of improving the system of digital economy development in the regions of Uzbekistan
Gulomova N.F., Bekchanov D.M.
Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

This article provides an assessment of trends in the development of the digital economy and regional imbalances in the regions of the country. A number of problems have been identified that negatively affect the equitable and sustainable development of ICT in the regions of Uzbekistan: the development of the technological infrastructure of the digital economy is carried out at the expense of the state budget, there are very few universities in the field of ICT and the competition between them is weak, the lack of research on the market demand for specialties required in the field ICT and digital economy in the future, as well as the lack of public organizations aimed at developing the digital economy in the regions and the lack of systematic work to organize them. Scientifically based recommendations have been developed to address these problems.

Environmental cooperation between Uzbekistan and the European Union (on the example of Germany)
Nurmetov I.A.
Urganch State University

This article analyzes the issues of environmental cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the European Union, in particular the Federal Republic of Germany. Germany is one of the important partners of Uzbekistan in the world community. During 1992-2020, a solid legal basis for bilateral cooperation was formed. These partnerships are inclusive, including environmental. In the GIZ program, the German foreign Ministry's Berlin initiative has implemented a total of more than 30 projects in all Central Asian countries since 2009. At the regional level, support was provided to the work of The international Fund for saving the Aral sea in implementing the main development directions indicated in the statement of the Heads of Central Asian States adopted on April 28, 2009 in Almaty. The author notes that within the framework of cooperation with Uzbekistan, the German Agency FOR international cooperation Giz supports reforms in the field of natural resources protection and has implemented a number of joint projects in this area. Since September 2019, GIZ, together with the German non-profit organization Enpact, has launched the initiatives "development of the startup ecosystem in Uzbekistan". The initiative aims to promote ecosystem development in Uzbekistan by building the capacity of participants, as well as developing links at both the national and international levels.

From the history of the study of hospitality and guest etiquette among the Karakalpaks (to the question of transformation)
Utebaev M.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the sphere of this problem there are a number of insufficiently clarified, and often not at all clear, points on this period. In particular, the external and internal situation of the karakalpaks during the international relations of Russia in the 18th century, the question of the participation of historical figures at this time, and others are not completely and comprehensively studied. The article discusses the issue of international relations, based on the involvement of archival and published scientific literary sources, where some data on the situation of the karakalpaks people in the 30-40s of the 18th century are consecrated. Especially interesting is the fact that the number of guests and their types depend on the specifics of the guest events. However, a guest in the Karakalpak culture is designated by the ethnolinguistic category Konak, which reflects a peculiar value for nomadic cultures. As field research shows, to this day there is a concept of God's guest in rural areas, which are met by local residents according to all the canons of etiquette. However, in the urban environment, this concept has significantly lost its meaning. Thus, special attention should be paid to the mechanism of manifestation of moral values and norms of etiquette during various rites for the reception of guests, which reflect the special system of Eastern kunachestvo.

The study of Sufism and the influence of the ego on the national spiritual life of the Karakalpak people
Atamuratova M.J.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The article is devoted to the teachings of Sufism and its impact on the national spiritual life of the Karakalpak people.The teachings of Sufism are of universal value, the influence of the countries of the East on the development of science, culture and literature, the spread of the tariffics of Sufism Yassavi in Karakalpakstan and the influence of the wisdom of Suleiman Bakrgani on our national spirituality. The teachings of Eastern thinkers, the enlightenment of mystical teachings, the influence of humanistic ideas on the formation of the worldview of the representatives of our national spiritual culture Kunhoja, Aginiose, Berdah and others, the ideas of mysticism as a manifestation of Islamic philosophy. In this article, in the works of Kunhoji, such as “My Bad Day,” “If You Are My Lord, I Am Your Servant,” “Yaronlar,” “Invisible,” and others, it is stated that God is the Creator of the universe.As a Sufi poet, Aginiosis as a Sufi poet wrote in the song “Dermish,” about the need to study science and enlightenment in order to know Allah,The influence of the tariqas of Yassavi, Naqshbandi, Kubravi widespread in Central Asia on Berdah’s works, on the ideas of his works “Izlar edim”, “Khorezm” is consistent with the philosophy of mysticism, the idea of Ahmad Yassavi that man was created from the soil is also reflected in Berdah’s works.

Importance and purpose of cooperation between representative authority and civil society institutions
Bayrieva A.K.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article discusses the need for cooperation between representative authorities and civil society institutions, and analyzes the purpose of such cooperation and the expected results. The scientific views and conclusions of foreign and domestic scientists who conducted and are conducting research on this topic are compared. Issues such as the active participation of citizens in government through their representatives and their vital importance, the interaction of civil society institutions and the interests of the state are analyzed. It also considers the importance of effective cooperation between government bodies and the implementation of social partnerships, cooperation between the state and the "third sector" in the continuous implementation of the rights and freedoms of the population by civil society institutions.

Social epics
Khoshniyazov J.Kh.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Although the study of the national epic as a genre has not yet been developed, in some scientific publications, special articles, on the pages of newspapers and magazines, general opinions and various scientific views are expressed. Examples of this are the articles of Karakalpak folklorists and literary critics K.Aiymbetov, I.Sagitov, K.Maksetov, A.Pakhratdinov, S.Akhmetov, S.Bakhadirova about life epics, their views in scientific collections and a number of studies. For example, in Karakalpak folk epics such as Sharyar, Shyirin-Sheker, Kanshayim, Menlikal, Munlik-Zarlik, everyday, social themes and life experience come to the fore. The repertoire of the Karakalpak bakhshi-zhrau also has signs of everyday life. Some episodes have vivid scenes from beginning to end of plots and resemble large-scale versions of folk tales. These epics are directly related to the daily life of people and include life episodes. The conflict in it is characterized by the liveliness of the resolution of events. For example, themes such as rich and poor, hungry and well-fed, friend and foe, good and bad, noble and stingy, are the main plots of these epics. That is, the very word "social" is absorbed by the word "life". In this article, the author focuses on the content of each of the domestic epics, the images of the main character, art, specific ideological features.

The originality and safety of wedding songs of the Surkhandarya oasis
Khudayulova L.A.
The Institute of Uzbek language, literature and folklore, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent

The folklore of the Uzbek wedding ceremony in the Surkhandarya oasis in Uzbekistan is distinguished by the fact that it has certain local characteristics due to the ethnic composition, historical and cultural traditions, lifestyle and customs of the population living in the region.In particular, the territorial specificity of the ritual folklore of the Surkhandarya oasis is reflected in the interpretation of songs and sayings, that is, the verbal part performed during the performance of rituals included in the number of wedding ceremonies.While in many parts of the country the gifts and questions of the bride and groom are mostly expressed in prose, Uzbeks living in the Surkhandarya region also have gifts from the bride and groom. Appears in songs. In this article the author discusses the existence of songs and sayings performed during the rites of the Surhandarya oasis wedding, such as “kelinsalom”, “kuyovsinov”, “kelinkiyit”, “kuyovkiyit”, “oynakursatar”, “joy soldi”, which is performed in the rite “bet ochar”, which is not the case in other regions, and as a genre of cut folklore “Huya” or “Huyollo” has a local character, as in other regions of the country, it is almost never met.Inthe poetic folklore of the wedding ceremony of the Surkhandarya oasis, there are poetic verses with a formal structure not found in the Uzbek tradition (for example, the eleven-line form "kelinsalom" or "yor-yor"). Рerforming a number of songs not found in other regions (for example, samples of poetic folklore of the rituals "mirror shows", "groom's dress", "test of the groom", "bow") testify to the formation of ancient folklore traditions in this region.

English translation of the nogaj version of the legend about Edigej (London, 1842) in the modern Russian statement (Part first)
Soyegov M.
Institute of language, literature and national manuscripts of Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan, Ashxabad

In the given part of article which consists of two interconnected parts, it is short taken up the questions connected by life and activity of orientalist Alexander Chodzko, and also history of studying and the edition of national legends on hero Edigej. Along with A. Chodzko other works acted also as the translator of this legend on English language. In the following second part of article as the appendix the national legend in Russian translation will be presented.

Study of the Karakalpak stories of the 1980s-1990s in literary science
Bekbergenova A.U.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus.

In the article, the author examines the study of Karakalpak stories of the 1980-1990s in literary science. It examines the scientific work of the scientist literary critic K. Kamalov "Далабуркити" («Field golden eagle»), which analyzes 24 stories and stories of Karakalpak writers. In particular, the scientists noted the story of G.Tursynova "Екиманат, он жети тийин" ("Two rubles seventeen kopecks"), where the writer reliably conveyed topical issues of the progressive reality of life of that period. The work also reveals the achievements and shortcomings of stories, essays and journalistic articles of writers of the 1990s. It notes the story of the experienced prose writer A.Atazhanov "Галма-гал" ("Everyday life") that he is one of the writer's successful stories, since this story skillfully depicts the positive qualities of people. The author considers the scientific work of the well-known scientist, professor S.Bakhadyrova "Kitabi dedem Korkyt", "Koblan", "Edige" and reflections on modern literature", in his article" The story and creativity of youth", Analyzes stories of young writers of the 1990s of the 20th century. In the work, the author notes the story of the writer U.Pirzhanov "Бир кызга жиберилмеген хат" ("Unsent letter to a girl") and its importance for that period. This article notes the great contribution of Karakalpak writers to the development of Karakalpak prose and a deep study of the work of prose writers from the point of view of modernity.

The genre of travel in the Karakalpak literature (on the example of “Travel to India” by K.Mambetov)
Mambetnazarova R.К.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article discusses the issues of studying the genre of travel in the Karakalpak literature, in particular, the work of the Karakalpak scientist and literary critic K.Mambetov is analyzed. The work notes the synthetic nature of this genre and its popularity along with other literary genres and the presence in it of elements of other genres of fiction and journalism. The article provides interpretations of individual literary critics regarding this genre, it is also noted that, however, in modern literary criticism there is still no consensus regarding the boundaries and signs of travel as a literary genre. It emphasizes that the genre of travel is based on the description of the movement in space of the traveling hero, the narration of the events that happened during the trip, the description of the traveler's impressions, his reflections after what he saw, and a wide informational and cognitive plan. The work also notes that the travel genre is fundamentally related to journalism, through a trip or trip, you can learn a lot about an unknown and unfamiliar country, about the culture and life of a certain people. The article provides information that while traveling, each person spiritually develops and enriches himself, becomes knowledgeable in many areas of life, and at the same time, a person on the way comprehends himself, better understands his character, interests, spiritual roots and traditions, his country and its people, knows everything in comparison.

On the term «concept» in linguistics
Alniyazov A.I.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanities of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Science of the Republik of Uzbekistan, Nukus

This article examines various points of view on the nature and essence of the concept and the concept sphere as the main units of cognitive linguistics, provides a typology of concepts, and also analyzes the structure of the concept from the standpoint of different researchers. It has been determined that the central object of cognitive linguistics research is concepts - meaningful units of memory, the whole picture of the world, reflected in the consciousness of a person and his psyche. It is possible to gain knowledge about any part of the conceptual sphere only by studying the corresponding part of the semantic space of the language, which is the subject of cognitive linguistics research. The article argues that the entire set of meanings conveyed by linguistic signs of a given language forms the semantic space of a given language, which must be delimited with the concept sphere.

The use of peiorative-semantic sustainable comparisons in the field of human character in the Karakalpak folk dastans
Nizamatdinova D.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanities of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Among other general scientific methods of studying the phenomena of reality, comparison occupies an important place. Comparison, as a general scientific cognitive operation, is the basis of judgments about the similarity or difference of objects.Various analogies enhance the emotionality of the work, and its role in portraying national culture in enhancing impact is special. When studying stable comparisons, their thematic features are important: in most cases, stable comparisons are used to describe a person’s appearance, speech culture, character, physical condition and manners. At the same time, similarities are manifested in a wide range of national differences. The choice of analogies among objects is chosen directly from the common features of the human character in this nation. This article discusses the emergence of constant analogies in the description of a human character through the presentation of semantic semantics, that is, in stable analogies, the appearance of bad traits in a person compared to another object. Peyoric semantics is the process of describing the negative side of an event, person or object. The main goal of the article is to determine whether any negative aspects of the human character used in the epics are transmitted through stable analogies. Throughout the study, traits that are common in analogies were selected among the negative aspects of the person. The most common analogies are those that express the indifference, laziness, and curiosity of a person. In Karakalpak linguistics there are no studies of stable analogies. This indicates that constant analogies are one of the most pressing problems in modern Karakalpak.

Lexical differences in article topics
Kurbaniyazov D.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article examines the lexical features of newspaper headlines. It is noted that toponyms, anthroponyms, paired and repeated words, antonyms, borrowed words, abbreviations, particles, stylistic figures - gradation and personification have a strong emotional and expressive coloring, the use of numbers is a peculiar feature of the journalistic style that performs a stylistic function in accurately and efficiently conveying information to the reader, and the presence of particles in the headings gives the event or phenomenon reflected in the text coloring, a kind of naturalness and strong emotional coloring. The corresponding linguistic facts confirmed that all the marked linguistic elements serve to promptly attract the attention of the reader, to ensure interest in information.

The use of tropes and stylistic figurative in newspaper topics
Kurbaniyazov D.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article deals with the use of tropes and stylistic figures in a newspaper headline. The phenomena of inversion, gradation, impersonation, polysindeton, alliteration and rhetorical interrogative sentences of use in newspaper headlines are analyzed, the peculiarities of their use are disclosed on specific factual material. Today, one of the main reasons for the growing interest of many scholars in studying the language of newspapers today is that in newspapers, journalists skillfully use the artistic and expressive means of language, creating new forms of presenting news. In addition to providing a wide audience with various information, newspapers have special opportunities to influence the consciousness of people. Therefore, journalists try to attract the attention of the reader by presenting information through the presentation of news, arouse interest in them and form public opinion. And newspaper readers always pay special attention to original thoughts and opinions presented in a new form. There is a need for such messages. Journalists use newspaper headlines as a way to grab the reader's attention.

Theoretical studies of socio-political vocabulary
Najimov A.Sh.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

A number(line) of jobs on a history of formation of a political lexicon in linguistics was investigated. The scientists use three methods of study of political lexicon: the synchronous description of a modern condition of political lexicon, study of a history noaiiaeaiey and development of social-political lexicon, comparative study of social - political lexicon on different types of languages. In linguistics the terms " social-political lexicon " (SPL) and " a social-political terminology " (SPT) are used at study of social - political lexicon, but there are contradictions in scoping their meanings(importance) and their limiting measurements. Many terms are used in the field of a science and engineering, instead of in national language. Some units, which simultaneously are elements SPL and SPT, have different functional properties. The researchers assert(approve), that the borders of social - political lexicon are characterized by variability, thematic variety and breadth of scope. The social-political terms are characterized by the special elements and features as a result of their inclusion in general(common) social-political lexicon. Is analysed and a number (line) of jobs devoted to study of political lexicon in Russian and turkish linguistics is compared.

Double glass facades: Energy efficiency and comfort
Хайрова Т.Ж., Маnsurov Ya.М.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus
National Institute of Arts and Design, Tashkent

The article analyzes the architectural and structural solutions of two-layer glazed styles, their suitability for climatic conditions, negative and positive impact on the building. In addition, the advantages of the two-layer glazing method, its ventilation system, design features and distribution of light rays, advantages and disadvantages of the technology, temperature comfort and air velocity distribution are studied. This glass material is more effective in hot and dry climates and saline storms compared to single-layer glazing. It shows how a two-layer style surface is placed in a building, the presence and placement of ventilation holes and segmentation of surfaces, where the distance from the external window is determined by the distance between the surfaces of the internal windows and the space between the surfaces. The air temperature inside the building is distributed according to the height and the overall building, and a favorable microclimate is created for the people who live and work there.

Worldoutlook of Ajiniyaz Kosybai uly
Taspanova J.K.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article describes the religious direction of Sufism. The article states that God is the creator of all things and gives life and spirit to man. The thinker Ajiniyaz in his worldview attaches great importance to the question of the soul and body of man. The thinker believed that during life people should perform noble deeds and should have a useful profession, science and various skills. The poet tirelessly repeated that life is not eternal, so a person should try to become known for his good deeds, live enjoying the happiness achieved in life, and be sure to enjoy everything beautiful in this world. According to him, the main purpose of human existence is to enjoy the beauty of the world and get enough of it. The poet, who believed in the teachings of Sufism, argued that God returns to a person the harm caused to other people or the help provided. Therefore, a person must live honestly, do the right thing and always tell the truth. He sincerely emphasized that everyone should live honestly, uphold justice and work honestly. The poet said that good and bad deeds in life are carried out with the consent and orders of God, he admitted that he himself or someone else could influence any act of a person. The poet explained that no one can be higher than God, who treats everyone fairly, does not harm without reason, sends good or evil to people according to their actions.