Application of the theory of statistical solutions to the method of cryptanalysis of maximum convergence
Berdimuratov M.K., Rakhimberdiyev K.B.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article discusses the basic algorithm for applying the theory of statistical decisions to cryptanalysis for maximum convergence. Knowing the secret key of secure messages based on cryptographic algorithms, the maximum convergence of the theory of statistical solutions was analyzed using an encrypted message using cryptanalysis. When implementing this method, symmetric cryptosystems were used. Basically, in the calculations, the replacement of the convergence function by monotonic logarithmic functions and the 2-basis solution of the structured logarithmic function were adopted. Frequency analysis of the encrypted alphabet was performed using the obtained logarithmic solutions, which led to a frequency of repetition of letters in the message. The calculation algorithm is performed using high-frequency letters and positive results are obtained. The main results of the research process were obtained using the CryptoTools software package. The results of the study are presented in the form of drawings, graphs and charts.

About some different operational measures to against water loss
Aknazarov O.S., Begjanov N.B.
Nukus branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University

The article deals with the reception of water circulation, which is one of the most important operational measures used in the fight against water loss from irrigation systems. Water circulation refers to the sequence of distribution of water through the irrigation system, its supply to water user associations (WUA) and the sequence of water use inside farms. Basically, water circulation is used in dry years - between main, inter - district and inter - farm canals, commercial spreaders and on-farm sprinklers. The authors performed a theoretical analysis of water circulation and performed the calculation of its elements. It was found that the total length of irrigation canals operating in water circulation conditions will be almost two times less than the total length of irrigation canals working in conditions when there is no water circulation, and water consumption during water circulation will be two times greater than in its absence. Consequently, the efficiency of irrigation canals working with a whirlpool is significantly increased. The results of the study are recommended to be used in developing water management plans for farms, water users associations, district irrigation departments, irrigation system departments and the Ministry of Water Management for dry years and putting them into practice.

Research of sowing devices and development of a drum pneumatic sowing device for sowing soybean seeds
Astanakulov K.D., Orinbaev P.F.
Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers

Bench studies of the mechanical sowing apparatus of the SChH-4 seeder, as well as the pneumatic sowing apparatus of the "Sonmezler" seeder when sowing soybeans showed that the deviation of the seeding rate from that set in the mechanical apparatus is 5.5%, and in the pneumatic apparatus it is more than 9% and meets the requirements. However, in a mechanical sowing device, the damage to the seeds is 5.2% and exceeds the established requirement of 1%, and in seeders with a pneumatic device with two-row sowing, the metal consumption increases. Based on the results of the studies, it was determined that for sowing soybean seeds, seeders with a pneumatic seeding device are the most suitable. These drills, together with less damage to the seeds, allows for even, accurate seeding. However, to ensure increased density (400-500 thousand pieces/ha), especially when sowing soybeans after cereals, it is necessary to develop a pneumatic device for two-row sowing. With this sowing, the optimal placement of plants in the field is ensured. On the basis of the research carried out, we have developed and manufactured a model of a seeder with a drum pneumatic sowing device for two-row sowing of soybean seeds, its performance was determined on a model of a seeder. Experiments have shown that the developed pneumatic drum sowing device provides two-row sowing of soybean seeds with a deviation from the specified distances between seeds ± 6.8 mm and between rows ± 4.5 mm meets the requirements.

The use of satellite images for monitoring and forecasting groundwater based on remote sensing data
Seitnazarov K.K., Dosimbetov A.M., Aytanov A.K.
Nukus branch of the Tashkent Information Technological Universit
Academic Lyceum of Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article provides information about modern methods of remote sensing of objects, especially the recognition of space surveys, which were discovered as a new stage in the information support of research and development in Earth Sciences. The structure of the remote sensing system based on the software product ERDAS IMAGINE, which combines the processing and analysis of a variety of raster and vector geospatial information, allowing you to create products such as geo-linked images, vector maps obtained as a result of processing aerospace images. The developed methodology for automated processing of space images makes it possible to quickly identify the structure and dynamics of buildings, modern functional sensing, structure and changes in the natural-ecological framework of the territory with a high degree of reliability, in contrast to the approaches implemented in the present time. ERS space systems have advantages over other systems for obtaining information for assessing the situation in cases when the emergency and environmental situation zone cover a large area or when, for various reasons, this cannot be done in other ways. In such cases, the efficiency of finding water resources, especially drinking water for the population of disadvantaged territories, plays a role.

Some aspects of the study of the factors of formation and salinization of irrigated soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan
Nawrizbaeva Z.Sh.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the article the questions of the modern state of soils are examined in the region of South Priaralie. It is shown that soils of Republic of Karakalpakstan by virtue of features of extreme climate and hydrogeological terms are characterized small maintenance of humus and high propensity to salting. Degradation of components of the ecological system is conditioned by reduction of the bioproductivity, considerable migration in subsoil waters and lowered elements of relief of natrium, water soluble organic substance, salts, by development of desertization of soils. The analysis of main soil functions shows that their basis are water, air and thermal modes, and, streams of substance and energy, both into soil and on her borders. In districts with a droughty climate and, especially in near desert and desert, where evaporation exceeds fallouts far, terms are created for the accumulation of salts in subsoil waters and soil is education breeds. In mainly salt soils are located in these areas. Any reclamative affecting soil are not, from the ecological point of view, fully safe, because they are sent not only to the change of properties of soils, but, in the end, natural processes and modes, trophic chains and biodiversity.

Representatives of the genus Carpelimus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Oxytelinae) of South Aral sea region: fauna, spreading and ecology
Daulbaeva K.K., Bekbergenova Z.U.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus
Nukus branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University

Happen to given on aspectual composition, zoogeographic of the spreading and ecological particularities of the genus Carpelimus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Oxytelinae, Thinobini) in condition South Aral sea region. In given region is revealled 25 species and unites the representatives different zoogeographic complex, of them the transpalaearctic, holarctic, pontic-turanian species. All representatives of the sort Carpelimus live most to flood plain waters, dwell beside water in bedding, algae, alluvium or micros cavernos of the soil. Aside from this, some species are present in manure. Eat, mainly algae and detrits. On nature trofical relationships are revealled fitosfagous (algaefagous), saprofagous, zoofagous, evrifagous. Amongst representatives of the sort, the not infrequent halofiles species, dwelling both on littorals, and on saline soil and on coast salty lake. Moreover, row type is an halofiles, they dwell only on coast salty waters, and on saline soil. To him possible to refer: C.troglodytes, C.anthracinus, C.halophilus, C.zerchei. The Quite a number type Carpelimus capable to dwell as in condition raised to saltiness, so and on coast fresh waters, ecological plastic species. To him, for instance, pertain: C.bilineatus, C.pusillus, C.gracilis, C.corticinus, C.rivularis.

Prospects for the use of water sources for the development of fishing of the Republic of Karakalpakstan
Temirbekov R.O., Adenbaev E., Israilova I.O.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Fishery ponds in the southern Aral Sea region form the basis of the fishery fund of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. They function in conditions of scarce and unstable water supply. Basically, their condition is determined primarily by the quality of the water, the volume and mode of flow, as well as the proportion of waste (drainage) water in it. As a result of the transformation of the hydraulic regime of the Amu Darya, radical changes occurred in the state of the ichthyo fauna. In this regard, to replenish the stocks of commercial fish populations, emphasis is placed on the development of fish farming in artificial conditions using intensive technologies (cages, closed water supply (UZV), swimming pools), while fish are grown using resource-saving and environmentally clean technologies. On the basis of many years of scientific research, our laboratory has developed scientific foundations and practical recommendations on the use of early young fish from natural spawning in fish farming of Karakalpakstan, since the high number of natural downstream fish offspring allows this source to be used in fish farming practice. Young fish can be caught and introduced under water into various bodies of water: lakes, ponds, reservoirs, etc. The possibility of using juvenile fish from rice fields for the development of pond fish farming has been studied and is promising in our region.

The Mejdurechensk reservoir, the current state of the population of fishing species
Adenbaev E., Temirbekov R.O., Musaev A.K., Israilova I.O., Mambetullaeva S.M.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The Mejdurechensk reservoir is located in the Muynak region of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and is one of the main fishing reservoirs in the Amu Darya delta zone. The feeding river of the Mezhdurechensk reservoir is the Amu Darya River. The most diverse composition of ichthyo fauna is in Mejdurechensk. Here are many fish of the Amu Darya: common carp, crucian carp, roach, asp, zander, white and motley silver carp, white amur, snakeheads and many species of small-sized non-acclimatizers. Whitesilver carp, common carp, Amur white bream, zander and snakeheads predominate in catches. The forage base of the Mezhdurechensk reservoir according to the fishery assessment of the fodder base for fish of zoobenthos and zooplankton belongs to low-feed reservoirs. The instability of the water regime leads to a low level of development of fish food organisms. It is advisable to take measures to restore vegetation toenrichthe food supply. Lake studies were carried out according to the following parameters: hydrochemical analysis was carried out and water transparency was determined. Information on the soil of the reservoir and the state of the bottom of the lake is given. The species composition of the fish population of the Mezhdurechensk reservoir was determined. The species composition of the fish population of the Mezhdurechensk reservoir is represented by natives and acclimatists common in the hydrographic network of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya.

Morphohistology of the ampulla of the greater papilla of duodenum in the carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Allanazarova N.A.
Samarkand State University

Proposed the principles of the morphohistological organization of the ampulla of the large duodenal papilla (duodenum) in the carp Cyprinus carpio L. In article are presented the morphometric indicators of the ratio of the cavity of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct before the formation of their common ampulla of the walls of the duodenum of the carp. Morphological details in the structure of the intestines of fish are currently not entirely explainable. Therefore, the study of its construction, the structure of the internal relief in carp and the relationship with the nature of food allows us to solve some problems of theoretical and applied histology. These studies will further help to solve the problems of modeling some biological processes. The research results can be used when giving lectures on histology, zoology, and various special courses. The purpose of the article is to study the principles of the structural organization of the ampulla of the greater duodenal papilla in the carp Cyprinus carpio L.

The population of humidified ecosystems of the Southern Aral Sea aria and the conservation of their biodiversity
Mambetullaeva S.M., Bekmuratova D.M.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article presents the results of a study of the fauna of mammals of moistened ecosystems in the South Aral Sea region. It is shown that against the background of a decrease in the Aral Sea, an increase in the process of aridization and desertification, and the drying of most lake systems, the habitat and species diversity of animals are reduced (in the main mesophilic species). The hydrological regime of the Amu Darya is one of the main factors for meso- and hydrophilic animal species. Deep irreversible changes in the natural environment in the region have reduced the habitat areas of some animal species (muskrat, Ili vole, wild boar, etc.). The main measures to preserve wetlands are the development of a network of reserves, the limitation of anthropogenic impact and the adoption of legislative acts ensuring the effective protection of these ecosystems.

The histological structure of the skin of the Karakul sheep of the Karakalpak breed type
Turganbaev R.U.,Toreshova A.U., Astankulov A.F., Bekbaev X.A.
Nukus branch Samarkand Institute of Veterinary Medicine
Nukus branch Tashkent State Agrarian University.

This article presents the results of a study of the histological structure of the skin of Karakul sheep belonging to the Karakalpak type of different colors. The results of the study are shown of the skin thickness of different colors of Karakul lambs, as well as the quantitative parameters of its layers, and the analysis revealed significant differences (P <0.01) between the color skins of pulat-sur and uryuk-gul. An analysis of the differences and similar features of the skin and hair cover in animals of the studied colors of the Karakalpaksura shows that the number of follicles (per 1 mm2) is significantly higher among the animals of the shamchyrak-gul color (74,6±2,8), less among the lambs of the camara color (61,8±3,1), colors of Uryuk-ghul and Pulat-sur, respectively - 56,4±3,4 and 69,4±2,9. The depth of the hair follicles and sebaceous (SG) and sweat (SG) glands of the skin of Karakul sheep of different colors were also studied. It was determined that the lowest follicle depth in the shamchyrak-gulsmushka, the most deep follicle occurrence, is observed in the red camarasmush, which differs from each other by a difference of 5.06%. Based on the research, conclusions were drawn during the selection of the Karakalpak type of sheep, staining of suras take into account the histological structure of the skin.

The most perspective water reservoirs of the South Aral Sea region suitable for breeding fish
Matjanova Kh.K., Orel M.M., Matjanov T.K.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of Karakalpak branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Due to the shortage of water resources in the Aral Sea region, the water content of the natural water bodies of the Amu Darya delta has sharply decreased, which has led to a reduction of fishing areas. Therefore, studies on the use of the potential of aquatic ecosystems for the development of fisheries, the assessment of the productivity of water bodies, the introduction of different forms and technologies of fish farming to obtain additional volumes of fish raw materials are relevant for the South Aral Sea region. The article presents data on the study of some of the most promising reservoirs of interest for breeding fish. In lakes Sarbas, Dautkul, Jiltirbas and Sudochye, the quality of water and the regime of water supply were determined, the species of higher water plants living in these reservoirs were identified and determined, the species composition of the ichthyofauna of these reservoirs was studied, the types of herbivorous fish suitable for breeding in these reservoirs were determined based on forage base condition. The data on salinity and overgrowth by higher aquatic vegetation of those reservoirs where the most efficient way to develop and reproduce fishing products are presented. It was shown that the salinity of water in the studied reservoirs varies over a wide range, but is not critical for fish growing, and the abundant overgrowing of reservoirs by water vegetation is an advantage for breeding phytophilic fish. Thus, the relative accessibility and location of the studied lakes to settlements, a rich forage base that promotes the cultivation of mainly phytophilic fish (grass carp, silver carp), high temperatures in summer, and not critical mineralization of water - all these factors indicate the prospects of using these lakes as fisheries.

Selection of cultivated plants and features of their cultivation on saline soils of the Southern Aral Sea region
Orel M.M., Matjanova Kh.K., Turmanova O., Allambergenova R., Dilmanova N.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The anthropogenic factor has disturbed and changed the natural conditions of the Southern Aral Sea region. A change in the ecological situation causes damage, manifested in the reduction of soils suitable for agriculture, a decrease in land productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to search for crops that, by their bio-ecological characteristics, are capable of growing on degraded lands and technologies that help plants go through the entire life cycle and give a crop. The adaptability of plants to salts arose in the course of evolution when plants assimilated saline habitats, and long-term cultivation of plants on saline soil in combination with selection leads to a significant increase in salt tolerance. The authors of the article conducted research in the Muynak region to assess the state of soils, in which soil salinity, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and soil fertility (humus) were studied. Studies have shown that all soil samples are saline, characterized by mixed salinization - sulfate-chloride, chloride-sulfate, sulfate. Salinity varies from medium to very high across all soil profiles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop special rules for the selection and preparation of planting and sowing zones to increase their survival rate. In addition to fighting soil salinity, selecting crops and creating salt-tolerant varieties, it is recommended to use techniques that increase the salt tolerance and productivity of cultivated plants on saline soils.

Ecological condition of soils of arid areas in Uzbekistan (on the example of the Southern Aral region)
Otenova F.T.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The article shows the results of studies of different types of soils in arid territories. It was noted that the widespread increase of saline soils and the resulting reduction in cultivable soil necessitates an ecological value of saline soils in terms of their ecological condition. It is shown that salts contained in deep horizons of soil-forming material and underlying rocks are recycled on irrigated lands. The analysis of the water soil extract (in %) showed that the quality of salinity in the test areas was mainly chloride-sulfate. Salt volume removed from deep horizons, depending on hydrogeological conditions, depth and distance among drains, can be from 20 to 60% of the total volume of salts entering the drainage flow. The analysis of the irrigated land of Southern Aral Sea on soil-reclamation areas showed that the main percentage of soils is grey-brown soils - 55.6%, followed by desert-sandy soils - 15.7%, the smallest percentage is marsh-meadow, which amounted to only 0.10%. The development of secondary salinization in the region can be attributed to the existing problems created by the wide development of irrigation, which have determined the conversion of automorphic soils to this issue requires the development of new approaches to the development of irrigation in the Southern Aral Sea region.

Raising new early-ripe mutant sorts of cotton in the condition of Karakalpakstan
Aitjanov U.E., Sagatdinov I.J., Aitjanov B.U., Seitbaev R.S.
Karakalpak Scientific-research Institute of the Husbandry, Chimbay

Along with improving agrotechnics of cotton cultivation, it is extremely important to accelerate raising and introduction in the production of early-ripe, higher productive agricultural crops with the complex of sort features, inclusive of cotton. For the first time on the basis of electron accelerator in different doses of sun treatment, also rare extracts of chute sagebrush, mutant hybrids, which provide stability to extreme conditions of cultivation and increasing quality and quantity of fiber. By balancing these kinds of mutant hybrid composite till the required homogeneity, we can fastly inculcate into salty soil of Karakalpakstan and without additional investment roughly increase cotton harvest in account of high harvest of fiber. Today in regulations of experiments there is extensive armory of various factors of physical and chemical nature, with the help of this we can influence on the process of cotton intermutation. As a result of studying some changed plants in reciprocal hybrids М1 F1, plants with changing reconstruction of chromosome were found out. According to the changing range of features М1 F1 exceed both of the parentage. We studied genetic effect of chemical mutant actions on changeability features of cultivating sorts of cotton. In station control of cotton varieties of agricultural scientific-research institute of Karakalpakstan, on usual agricultural background, according to the complex of economical-valuable features, from sun treated variants, new sort of mutant KK-3549 was liberated.

Biochemical characteristics of saint-mary-thistle (Silybum Marianum (L) Gaertn.) varieties under soil-climatic conditions of the Khorezm region
Abdurahimov U.K., Khasanov Sh.B., Khamraev N.U., Nurmetova F.R.
Khorezm Academy, Khiva

This article provides information on the biochemical characteristics of Saint-Mary-Thistle (Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn.) varieties like as Panacea, Debut and Samaryanka. Based on the studies, it was found that the highest oil content was found in the variety Debut (26%). The lowest oil content was observed in the variety Samaryanka (19%). The highest protein content and the sum of total amino acids in the seeds of Saint-Mary-Thistle varieties was found in the Debut variety (131.1), and the lowest - in the Samaryanka variety (79.2). By the number of replaceable amino acids present in the seeds of varieties of Saint-Mary-Thistle, it was found in the Debut varieties (126.3), and the lowest - in the Samaryanka variety (112). Based on the research results biochemical characteristics and varietal differences of the Saint-Mary-Thistle, the possibility and feasibility of expanding the crops of this crop in the soil and climatic conditions of the Khorezm region are shown. To form and obtain stable crops with good sowing, economically valuable and technological qualities on saline and irrigated alluvial-meadow soils of the Khorezm region for farms, it is recommended to sow varieties of Saint-Mary-Thistle like Debut and Samaryanka.

To study of questions of maintenance of biodiversity of melliferous plants in the conditions of Southern Aral Sea area
Toreniyazova V.S.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the article questions are examined on research of maintenance of biodiversity of melliferous plants in the conditions of Southern Aral Sea area. For correct organization and use of feed base of beekeeping, determining size of apiary a decision value has ecological estimation of locality and resources of melliferous plants. Such estimation is conducted on the basis of data on specific composition and areas of basic melliferous herbs, them nectar the productivity and flowering terms. The melliferous flora of region differs in high endemics. As a result of our researches we will mark that melliferous plants are distributed on the region of researches unevenly. However the considerable increase of potential honeyflow at favourable weather terms can be got on condition of application of modern innovative technologies. By basic forms guard of rare and vanishing types of melliferous plants there are creation of regional Red books, delivery of status of monuments of nature to territories. The bulk of kinds (55%) is widespread on all territory, 14% - only in north part, 20% - in south, 4% - in central, 5% - in east, 2% - in western part, that explained, obviously, by strong oblongness of territory from a north to the south. In development of melliferous base of beekeeping a substantial role is played also by introduction of plants, purposeful activity on introduction to the culture in some naturally historical district. Many precinctive types are rare, are under threat of disappearance or confessed by the guarded part of the deserted ecosystems of region of Southern Aral Sea area.

Distribution of the Lomelosiaolivieri (Coult.) Greuter&Burdet in Karakalpakstan
Tajetdinova D.M., Esemuratova R.X., Kaypov K.P.
Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

Last time of the national control list of the flora of Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan) and data on the distribution of species has been updated. Modern compendiums of local flora were published and modern databases compiled. This study provides the distribution of Lomelosiaolivieri (Coult.) Greuter&Burdet in the territory of Karakalpakstan. According to the latest phylogenetic studies, Lomelosiaolivieri belong to the family of Caprifoliaceae Juss. and previously it was from the family of Dipsacaceae Juss. (Scabiosaolivieri). The genus of Scabiosa, according to modern information, is represented in Uzbekistan only by species belonging to the genus of Lomelosia. The results were obtained from field gatherings from studies in the territory of Karakalpakstan and herbarium collections stored in the National Herbarium of Uzbekistan (TASH). An identification description of the species Lomelosiaolivieri, type and environmental data is provided. An identification description, links to protologists and environmental data are also provided. The citation of authorship of taxa corresponds to the “Authors of plants names” and the “International Plant Names Index”. The geographical distribution of Lomelosiaolivieri (Coult.) Greuter&Burdet in the territory of Karakalpakstan was analyzed and indicated by botanical-geographical districts. GIS map compiled. This article presents about distribution a Lomelosiaolivieri (Coult.) Greuter&Burdet which in Karakalpakstan. The results were obtained from field collections and studies of herbarium collections of TASH. An identification description, type and ecological data are also provided. The geographical distribution of Lomelosiaolivieri (Coult.) Greuter&Burdet in Karakalpakstan was analyzed. Compiled GIS-maps.

The species of the family of Rubiaceae in Southern Aral Sea region
Tajetdinova D.M., Begdullaeva G.S., Mnajatdinova M.R., Mirzabaev T.I.
Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The geographical position of the Southern Aral Sea, biological diversity and geographical conditions define it’s rich biodiversity. The study of the family of Rubiaceae species growing in this area is an important and essential task. As indicated above, the task presents a new checklist of species of the family of Rubiaceae in the Southern Aral Sea region. The synopsis includes 6 (Crucianella bucharica, Galium verum, G. pamiroalaicum, G. humifusum, G.spurium, Rubia tinctorium) species. The results were obtained in the field of research training camp in the Southern Aral Sea region and a collection of herbaries preserved in the National Herbarium of Uzbekistan (TASH), the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LE) and the Moscow State University (MW). The identification key of species of the family of Rubiaceae, types, and environmental data are provided. The checklist includes accepted species names according to “The Plant List” database, synonyms, references to protologies, and type designations. The citation of taxa authorship corresponds to the “Authors of Plants Names” and the International Plant Names Index. The geographical distribution of species of the family of Rubiaceae in the Southern Aral Sea region has been analyzed and indicated in the phytogeographic regions. The species of the family of Rubiaceae in the Southern Aral Sea were imported and registered in the ArcGIS 10.0 map.

Study of natural resources of licorice in Uzbekistan
Khojimatov O.K., Khujanov A.N., Abdiniyazova G.J.
Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Biological resources, including medicinal and raw plants in general, are an essential part of Uzbekistan 's natural wealth. In order to determine the current state of species in order to strengthen their subsequent protection and sustainable use, it is necessary to obtain annual information on the state of distribution, number, impact of negative factors on their populations. The article provides data on the distribution and reserves of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in Uzbekistan. The purpose of this work was to clarify the reserves of wild licorice grows naked, which are of industrial importance in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the course of field studies of the last 3 years it has been found that wild-growing licorice growth naked is mostly preserved in the territory of Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya regions and in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. As a result of climate change, as well as uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources, most of the masses have disappeared at all, the area of others has significantly decreased, in order to avoid further reduction of the remaining natural growth, it is necessary to strengthen control over their exploitation by authorized and involved bodies and organizations. Other plants, mainly crops (cotton, rice and others), have appeared on the site of former licorice arrays. Dynamics of change of areas and yield of licorice naked on the territory of Karakalpakstan is presented.

A comparative study of the features of some Vegetative Organs of Allium Tschimganicum B. Fedtsch. ex Popov and A. Verticillatum (Regel) Regel (Amaryllidaceae), growing in the natural conditions
Abdullayeva A.T., Temirov E.E., Nosirov S.S., Samadov I.N.
Tashkent Botanical garden at the Institute of Botany of the Academy of sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan

A comparative study of the structure of Allium tschimganicum B. Fedtsch. ex Popov и Allium verticillatum (Regel) Regel was carried out for the first time. in the natural conditions. The place of growth of these two species on ecology is different: Allium tschimganicum grows in mountain cooler and wetter habitats – in the Chatkal Range, (Nurekatasai, Kumushkan). Allium verticillatum grows in hotter and drier places – the mountain Nuratau of Navoi region. As a result of the study Allium tschimganicum revealed a predominance of mesomorphic signs due to favorable habitat conditions. In Allium verticillatum, there is a predominance of xeromorphic signs, due to the intensification of the xerophilization process, and therefore the number of individuals of this species is reduced.

Comparative anatomical signs of the leaf Juno Warleyensis (Foster) Vved. (Iridaceae.), growing in different ecological conditions of Uzbekistan
Rakhimova N.K., Duschanova G.M., Temirov E.E., Nosirov S.S., Samadov I.N.
Tashkent Botanical garden at the Institute of Botany of the Academy of sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan

For the first time, a comparative analysis of the anatomical features of the leaf of Juno warleyensis (Foster) Vved., growing in natural and introduction habitats, was carried out and characteristic diagnostic signs were determined. Xeromorphic and mesomorphic signs were revealed, manifested in a different combination: thickened outer wall of the epidermis; small, numerous epidermal, spongy, and parenchymal cells; numerous, submerged stomata; small, multi-row sclerenchymal and collenchymal cells; small and numerous vessels in conducting bundles are xeromorphic signs. Thin-walled, large, few epidermal, spongy and parenchymal cells; few, unloaded stomata; large non-row sclerenchymal and collenchymal cells; large and few vessels in conducting bundles are mesomorphic signs. In the leaf of a species growing in the natural conditions, an equal ratio of both mesomorphic and xeromorphic signs are noted. In the leaf of the species growing in the conditions of introduction of the Tashkent Botanical Garden, the prevalence of xeromorphic signs over mesomorphic ones is noted, which indicates the adaptability of the species to these habitat conditions. These identified signs of the leaf can be used in taxonomy and ecology.

Economic important plants in the flora of Kuldjuktau (Kyzylkum)
Abduraimova N.H., Rakhimova T., Abduraimov O.S., Aymuratov R.P.
National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Institute of Botany of Academy Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Institute of Natural Sciences of Karakalpak Branch of Academy Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The research was carried out in 2017-2020 years in the South-Western Kyzylkum (Kuldjuktau). Samples stored in the National Herbarium (TASH) fund of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as on the basis of materials collected during field research, farm importance groups of high plant species spread in Kuldjuktau were studied. In the course of the research, 363 vascular plants belonging to the 201 genus of 40 families were recorded in Kuldjuktau. High plants were divided into groups of fodder, medicinal, honey, poisonous, landscape, efir oil and coloring. The Flora consists of fodder plants (55,93%), medicinal (29,20%), honey plants (18,45%), poisonous (14,04%), landscape (6,88%), efir-oil (6,88%), coloring (4,95%). The large share of fodder plants is considered to be one of the characteristic features for the province of Turаn. These views were also expressed in our research. The results obtained will be used in carrying out long-term monitoring work on the territory.

About atmospheric pollution monitoring
Tleumuratova B.S., Shermukhamedov U.A, Utepbergenova G.Kh.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus
Hydrometeorological Center at the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

In the article presented and in detail a structure and technical problems of monitoring network are discussed in Uzbekistan. Conception of the system monitoring of regional contamination of atmosphere (SMRAP), including material and virtual elements, offers. Monitoring network together with data of DZ are the material elements of SM. Detectable elements are mathematical models and system of informative connections Set of mathematical models includes the models of atmospheric transfer, and also statistical models for a cross-correlation analysis and model of chemistry of atmosphere. Principle of spatio-temporal unity and mutual validation is fixed in basis of SMRAP. The results of model calculations of contamination of atmosphere of NOх are expounded by the Unitary enterprise of "Kungrad soda plant" (КSP), conducted according to positions of the worked out conception.

To question of study of the state of system of external breathing for teenagers resident in the conditions of Republic of Karakalpakstan
Il’yasova G.K., Matchanov A.T.
Nukus branch of Center of the Scientifically-methodical providing, Preparation and Retraining of Specialists on a physical Culture and Sport of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article gives information about the results of survey which shows how physical over training could affect on external respiratory system in schoolchildren of junior age in Republic of Karakalpakstan. The age-related juvenile period is characterized the smooth changes of morph-functional indexes, where an increase of reserve and functional indexes is. This age is considered the top of efficiency of "child's" organization of physiological functions, and also variety of variants of individual organization of power exchange. According to the indexes at the beginning of school year boys have RMV (respiratory minute volume) above norm due to BF (breathing frequency). Girls RMV index has been changed insignificantly. At the mid of school year the changes in external respiratory system in boys of first form is the result of adequate response of external respiratory system. Girls have more breathing frequency and more respiratory minute volume. The obtained data testify that the dynamic loading is more physiology. Girls in 1 minute after the conducted the ergo metrical loading had a reliable increase of frequency of breathing and minute volume of breathing (p< 0,01). The conducted analysis of the obtained data shows that for teenagers student in Republic of Karakalpakstan at the beginning of school year after the conducted the ergo metrical loading all studied parameters of the system of the external breathing changed insignificantly.

The impact of tax mechanisms on the development of enterprises
Aimbetov N.K., Musagaliev A.J.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article is written about the practical state of rhe mechanisms of taxation of legal entities. In particular, it covers the theoretical content of the concept of a tax mechanisms, carried out a comparative analisys of the efficiency factors of taxation mechanisms on the example of enterprises in the real sector in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. A deep comparative analysis of the impact on operational activity of changes in the efficiency of taxation mechanisms for the following types of taxes, that is, income tax, property tax and resource payments and excise tax on the example of grain processing enterprises and oil and fat factories located in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. According to the results of the study, an increase in the efficiency of tax mechanisms was substantiated on the basis of expanding the tax base by reducing the rates of income tax and a unified social payment. On this basis, the autors has developed recommendations for improving the efficiency of mechanisms for corporate income taxes and the unified social payment in the payroll based on the local conditions of the region.

The organizational and economic mechanism for improving the industrial structure of the Republic of Karakalpakstan on the basis of mineral resources
Aimbetov N.K., Eshmuratov U.X.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article describes the organizational and economic mechanism for improving the industrial structure of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The main directions of industrial structural policy are identified, issues of improving the structure of industry are substantiated. The industry requires the need to develop a special program for the development of the region. It is proposed to develop an appropriate program that should be focused and focused on macroeconomic indicators, revenue growth, mitigation of social and environmental problems in the region by increasing industrial potential. The program provides activities that should be implemented. A methodological approach has been developed to prioritize industries. As a base for the development of industry, local mineral resources have been selected. Sectoral structural policy in the industry of the region is considered as the systematic activity of state, sectoral and territorial bodies, research and public organizations for the selection and justification of priorities and the most important directions for the formation of sectoral proportions in industry. An organizational and economic mechanism for improving the structure of industry in the Republic of Karakalpakstan based on the use of mineral resources is proposed.

The innovational activity development peculiarities in Uzbekistan
Umarov A.A., Makhmudov N.M., Kremkov M.V.
Tashkent State University of Economics
Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent

There were considered the state and peculiarities of the innovational activity development in Uzbekistan. It was fulfilled the analysis of the law and organizing-structural security of the innovational activity and also grounded the main directions of its rising. There was shown that the common innovational potential of the republic’s scientific, education and production organizations management, realizing on the wide State support base, must permit the organizing-technical solutions directing to the innovational activity rising.

The theretical issues on regional stimulation of agricultural entrepreneurship
Musagaliev A.M., Mambetnazarov B.B.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus
Tashkent State Agrarian University Nukus branch

This article provide suggestions and recommendations on the development of modern approaches to agricultural activities in the environmental conditions of the Aral Sea region, the definition of entrepreneurship promotion strategies with considering the specificity of agriculture including the application of internal resources and methods.The sides also exchanged views on stimulating entrepreneurship in agriculture, positively addressing the social problems of the region and improving the living standards of the population, positively addressing the ecological and socio-economic situation in the Aral Sea region, further improving development models for efficient use of natural resources. In turn, the improvement of the structure of agricultural products in the regions, the rational use of small agricultural sectors (horticulture, viticulture, beekeeping, fisheries, etc.) based on the natural and climatic characteristics of the region, ensuring financial stability of farms, improving forms and methods of doing business. Research support for producers has been studied.

Karakalpak moslem clergy of the 18th-19th centuries
Karlibaev M.A.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the 18th-19th centuries in the Lower Amu Darya, the role of the cult of saints is strengthened, which was facilitated by the special "attention" of the Khiva khans. In the 19th century, Karakalpak children received their education in Khiva and Bukhara madrassas. In Bukhara, they mainly studied following the Nakshbandiya tariqa, in Khiva they received religious education and returned as an Akhund, imams and kazi. Upon returning home, they become religious leaders, initiate the construction of Muslim institutions (mosques, madrassas), hold positions to monitor compliance with religious regulations, etc. Many Karakalpak graduates of the Bukhara and Khiva madrassas traveled to Kazakh and Turkmen steppes, spreading religious knowledge. Archival data indicate that in the 19th century in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya, there were about a hundred ishans of the "Khufiya" sufi order. The names of the Karakalpak religious leaders are known in history, who played a significant role not only in cultural and social, but also in political life - these are Murat Shaykh, Imam Ishan, Karakum Ishan and others. The names of other representatives of the clergy, such as Zhantemir Ishan, Ataulla Ishan, Aymuhammed Ishan from Chimbay, Aymuhammed Ishan from Kamysly, Yesim Ishan, Suyun Ishan, Yeshim Akhund and many others are also known among the people. Today, to study this issue, we have a number of written sources and valuable oral information.

Karakalpak-Bashkir relations in the first half of the XVIII century
Piskunova I.V.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the first half of the XVIII century, part of the karakalpaks had nomads on the pastures of the Volga, Emba, and Ural rivers (Yaik). In addition to the Volga region, the karakalpaks roamed in the Urals. The nomads of the karakalpaks and bashkirs were located next to each other along the Mias, Menele, Buya, and others rivers. In the Volga region and the Urals, the neighbors of the karakalpaks were bashkirs, kazakhs, and kalmyks. As military allies, the karakalpaks took an active part in all the bashkir uprisings against the tsarist administration in the late XVII and early XVIII centuries. At the beginning of the XVIII century in the Volga region, the karakalpaks strained relations with the Volga kalmyks because of pastures. In the Volga region, the karakalpaks and the bashkirs often teamed up to perform together against the Volga kalmyks. The karakalpaks and the bashkirs had ethnic and historical ties. It is known from literature that in the XVIII century the karakalpaks invited khans from the bashkirs. Close relations between the karakalpaks and the bashkirs persisted in the first half of the XVIII century and were not interrupted due to military operations with the dzungars. The relationship between the karakalpaks and the bashkirs were of a friendly character. The military character of the karakalpak-bashkir relations depended on events in the Central Asian region: from the military attacks of the dzungars on the kazakh zhuzs and Syr Darya karakalpaks, from the loss of pastures and forced transitions of kazakhs and karakalpaks from the Syr Darya directly to the borders of the Russian Empire.

Social-economic position of Karakalpakstan in 1941-1945- years: historiography of the problem
Allamuratov G.S.
The Regional Centre of Retraining and Qualification Upgrading of Public Education Staff of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Nukus

Subject of the Second world war and contribution of our folk in the general victory on fascism in historiographies of Karakalpakstan occupies the special place. At soviet period of the development of the history science , it became in the highlight our scientist. However, in spite of presence such extensive literature, question social-economic position of Karakalpakstan in 40-years of XX century, they are considered with standpoints of the practical realization of the slogan «All - for front, all – for Victory!», proclaimed by soviet power at period of the perfidious hold up of the fascist Germany on USSR. The questions social-economic life of Karakalpakstan remains Outside of field of vision of the researchers, simple inhabitants' entity of the republic. In given to article, on base of the new sources, is made attempt of the analysis some aspect social-economic life Karakalpakstan at years of the Second world war. Big attention is spared earlier little studied sides of the history of Karakalpakstan, such as help evacuated children, deportation folk in Karakalpakstan and rendered by support and help of the local population, as well as questions of the social life and everyday practical persons of the population of the republic at years of the war. Also addresses attention on questions of the historiographies and the sources, taking into account influence established ideological principle that period. The New methdological aspects allow the author more deeply study the under investigation question, requiring entering new document, critical analysis earlier published material, concept and positions of the previous historiography.

Modern museum audience
Miralieva Sh.A.
State Museum of Timurid History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

Museums of the XXI century occupy a special place as a social institution and the most active element of our society. Ease of access to information has become important for a modern museum audience. This article considers the issue of attracting a museum audience, the introduction of information technology in creating a certain historical period of the environment for them. The article also analyzes the activities of modern museums in the world of the Internet, important aspects of ensuring the convenience of a virtual audience visiting a museum via the Internet.

The role of Kallibek Kamalov in cultures development of Karakalpakstan
Aytmuratov J.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article assesses the role of Kallibek Kamalov in solving the problems of the national economy, economy and culture during his leadership in the Republic of Karakalpakstan from the current point of view. It should be noted that in the 60-70s of the last century, the development of art, construction and modern road and railway systems in the Republic influenced the development of the material culture of our people. The significance of the Days of culture and literature held in other Republics for the development of cultural ties and friendship of the peoples of Karakalpakstan is discussed. When revealing the content of the article, the author used memoirs and archival sources of state and cultural figures who survived the events of this period. The article highlights the development of culture in Karakalpakstan in 60-80 years. XX century, as well as issues of equipping cultural institutions with the necessary technical equipment. Based on new sources, the outstanding role of the head of the Republic Kallibek Kamalov in the education of new schools and specialized secondary institutions in the field of culture is shown. The solution of problems related to the opening of the University is shown. Information is given about the formation of scientific schools, the promotion of Karakalpak culture around the world, and the assessment of the role of cultural representatives. The article also talks about the need to review the personality of individual representatives of culture and science who were innocently deceived from the perspective of modern history.

The role and ethno-linguistical characteristics of colours in Karakalpak traditional clothes
Kurbanova Z.I., Zayrova K. M.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

In the article the traditional clothes of the Karakalpak people are valued as an important part of culture, which continues to maintain past features of ethnos since nowadays. In our language, we can see that colors not only convey the meaning of color, but that it has other semantic properties, that they begin to express other meanings as a result of abstract thinking. In our language, the colors "white" and "black" are effectively used in some words related to the traditions and beliefs of our people. White and black lexemes are used in opposite senses. In our people, the "White dress" symbolizes the happiness dress. It is also associated with purity, light, honesty, like other nations. In clothing, "blackness" is understood in the sense of grief, sorrow, and mourning. While the national dress of our people blue dress is explained as a sign of youth, the blue dress without patterns is also used as a symbol of mourning among the Karakalpaks. Also, while red has become a symbol of joy, youth, yellow, yellow color symbolizes sadness, separation, depression in human life. The symbolism of colors was viewed from the point of view of a particular semantic load that reveals the uniqueness of the people. On this basis, our article focuses on the role of colors in clothing, to discover the meaning related to their ethnographic, symbolic, traditional customs.

Local features of the Uzbek funeral (on the example of Karakalpakstan)
Turekeyev Q.Zh., Khodzhanov M.I.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The Uzbeks living in Karakalpakstan differ from other ethnic groups in their locality, national customs, traditions and mentality. Based on the materials studied, it was found that the funeral of the Uzbeks living in the territory of Karakalpakstan have local characteristics. We learned that the Uzbeks living in Karakalpakstan also have views on the problem of the soul leaving the body and its appearance as “breathing”. The custom of preserving the dead until the end of the twentieth century is called "tuna" or "guzet". According to this custom, if a man dies, a man, and a woman sits next to a dead woman at night from dawn to dusk. It is interesting to note that in the Uzbeks Khujaili, Tahiyatash and Kungrad the coffin is called a “horse” and it is made of wood for every dead person. In the Uzbek regions, those who are going to wash the corpse, first of all pay special attention to their cleanliness, before removing the corpse, and then they begin to wash the corpse. Funeral services for Uzbeks in the region differ from the services of Uzbeks living in other regions in terms of ceremonies, customs and beliefs. Since the burials of Uzbeks from different regions began to be partially studied in the 20th century, and then in the 21st century (Uzbeks of Kashkadarya and Tashkent), the possibilities of comparing this ethnos expanded.

The role of political parties in process of modernization of State and society: on example of World countries (hystorycal-polytological analysis)
Yakubov B.
Uzbekistan State University, Tashkent

Currently, issues of enhancing the participation of political parties in modernization processes in the Republic of Uzbekistan are becoming relevant.In this regard, the importance of studying this topic on the example of developed countries, primarily European ones, is updated. This is due to the fact that the activity of political parties, for example, in the EU, is one of the important factors in the democratization of all spheres of state and public life.The article provides a multi-factor analysis of the role of political parties in Europe in the processes of renewal and modernization of certain Western countries. Using concrete examples from the historical past and modern development of Great Britain, Germany and France, the place of political parties in the state-building system is revealed, their role in the development and implementation of the most important programs for improving the socio-political, socio-economic spheres, overcoming the crisis situations in the economy of these states. The importance of political parties in the unification of the state and society on the implementation of tasks of national importance, bringing to the logical conclusion of various reforms to transform these countries is revealed. A special place is given to the role of political parties in the processes of political modernization of society. In conclusion, possible options for testing and using the experience of leading European countries in the processes of further formation of political parties and enhancing their participation in the modernization processes carried out in our country are proposed and considered.

Role of civil society institutions in society development
Bayrieva A.K.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article discusses the role of civil society institutions in the development of society. It evaluates the activities of current non-governmental non-profit organizations. The importance of reforms in increasing the activity of the population is discussed. Emphasis will be placed on democratic reforms. The values of the newly adopted regulatory documents are analyzed. The main factors of the formation and development of civil society institutions are discussed. Emphasis will be placed on the legal basis for building a fair civil society. Talk about the newly created Advisory Board. The importance of supporting non-governmental non-profit organizations will be emphasized. The role and importance of non-governmental non-profit organizations in the implementation of the tasks set forth in the Strategy of Action are interpreted. The role of civil society institutions in the implementation of public control is discussed. Civil society as an equal and independent institution in Uzbekistan is still in its infancy. The success of reforms in society depends on improving the functioning of civil society institutions, strengthening the role of political parties in the political system and liberalizing the self-government system. Civil society institutions are subject to public scrutiny, which helps to ensure transparency of relations. The Action Strategy initiated the idea of creating an advisory council on the development of civil society under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

«Zhyrau and sk?ll» (on the example of the Karakalpak variant of the dastan «Koblan»)
Palymbetov K.S.
The Regional center of retraining and qualification upgrading of public education staff of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Nukus

The article will focus on improvisational talent, performing and creative skills of Zhyrau in improving the artistic features, composition, and plot content of the Karakalpak folk dastan “Koblan”. It indicates the peculiarity of Zhyrau's work in revealing the content and mastery of the plot, the personal attitude of Zhyrau to the event in the compositional composition of the dastan. The role of zhyrau in preserving the compositional structure of the dastan is noted, in maintaining the connection of one part with the second, motive and episodes, details, as well as the place of zhyrau in covering the actions of heroes and characters of the dastan. The article scientifically proved the disclosure of the popular idea through a contrasting image of the struggle between justice and injustice, cruelty and mercy, freedom and invasion in the plot of the dastan. In the dastan, the important place of the dialogues is indicated in a separate image of the courageous image of the protagonist to deepen the content of the dastan and, like a zhyrau before each dialogue, in simple words or poetic lines brings clarity to the event in an individual way of conveying events to reveal the plot. It is proved that zhyrau not only retells the events, but also expresses personal attitude and his own view on each event, the actions of the characters and the characters. As a result of Zhyrau’s creative talent for revealing the actions of heroes and characters, their images, examples of how to use comparisons, artistic repetitions, proverbs and aphorisms from the means of artistic image on the part of Zhyrau are proved using examples.

Research of the Khorezmian folk woman singer`s art (70-80 s of the XX century)
Sabirova N.E.
Khorezm regional in service teacher training Сentre

The article says that the study of the Khorezm half in the art of the republic. The literary aspects of their work and performance are shown. They also talk about the study of musicology. The directions of this ancient art, the role of the half in the art of epic and singing are highlighted. The article provides extensive information on the study of the art of the Khorezm caliphate. The article also analyzes terms from the half-repertoire, such as Anash half and Ojiz, and discusses the influence of Anash half on Karakalpak half. In particular, the article notes that many works by S. Ruzimbayev about the life and work of the half were published, and his article "Folk Epics and HalfalarIjodi" 10 highlighted the influence of epic songs on individual works of the half, such as Ojiza, Shukur Ollakulikizi. The article also discusses the repertoire of epic singers, the style of performance of storytellers, which is divided into three groups. 1. Creative poet Halfas. 2. Performer - musicians. 3. Halfas, who pronounces an epic with words and melodies. This classification complements the classification of N. Saburov, which is mentioned in the article, by dividing the halfa into two groups. In the following classification, the poetry epic halfs are taken separately. This is due to the fact that artists falling into this category are not only artistic singers, but also perfectly master epic texts, together with their poetic and prosaic parts, could sing in a charity style among women and at the same time are known as poets.

Sh.Seitov’s novels research during the years of independence (on the example of the novels «Torchbearers» and «Sharp turn»)
Bekbergenova Z.U
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article is about the research issues in the Karakalpak literary science based on scientific articles published in the period of independence in the journals «Amu Darya», «Vestnik» of Karakalpak branch of Science Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, «Vestnik» of KSU regarding novels of the national writer of Karakalpakstan Sh. Seitov “Torchbearers”, “Steep turn ". It is appropriate to indicate a study from various angles regarding the specific features of the writer when constructing the plot of the novel, the structure of the composition, the presentation of events, the creation of the portrait, detail, character, and the use of dialogue and monologues of heroes in scientific articles published during the years of independence. In particular, the important role in recent years of a new approach to the study of the genre of the novel to uncover the writer's skills and even more in-depth study of the artistic properties of this genre is scientifically substantiated. The published scientific articles noted the importance and role of the novels of Sh.Seitova in artistic prose. The topic and the problem put forward in published scientific articles are considered. They are proved the examples of places where the achievements shortcomings of the authors of karakalpak novels are indicated. In the articles examined by scientists the ideological, thematic, genre and stylistic achievements of the Sh.Seitov in creating novels are highly appreciated. The articile is devoted to revealing new facets of creativity known Karakalpak writer Sh.Seitova.

Ural-Atrau theme in Karakalpakstan historical sons (The experience of historical and folklore studies of folk poetry)
Kanaatov E.E.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The article says that the ancestors of the Karakalpaks lived in the foothills of the Urals, on the land of Saratov, on the banks of the Idil and Jayik rivers, and that information about this was preserved in Karakalpak legends, historical stories and poetic works. Also, attention is drawn to the fact that Karakalpak historical songs on the Ural-Atrau theme have not yet been studied separately in science. The author, listing the types of Nogai people in the Nogai period, gives his thoughts about the ethnonym "Sarnogai", as well as associating the ethnonym "Sarnogai" with the names "Ully Nogai", "Kop Nogai", proves that the heroes Syydak (Shyydak), Orak, Mamay and others that are descendants of Edige come from the Sarnogai. And the information that these heroes come from the shores of Idil-Zhaiyk and Zhem preserved in the family trees. In children's folklore, which is one branch of folklore, genealogical information related to the Urals and some sources of historical significance have also been preserved. In Karakalpak legends, several information is given about places such as the Atrau territory, the city of Saraishik, the Mangit depth. In the work “Ullytau” of the Karakalpak zhyrau, Zhiyen Amanlyk uly who lived in the 18th century and in the works of the zhyrau who lived in the Tauelibay region, as well as other sources, the names Atrau, Saraishik are found. The article provides broad information about the above. The author draws attention to the fact that along with the use of such historical places as Atrau, Jayik, Saraishik in historical songs, the word “Jayilkan” is also used, which is the common name for Karakalpaks. This confirms that the Karakalpaks lived in these parts.

The cult of Camel in Uzbek-Karakalpak folklore
Bekshanova S.B.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

It was noted that Uzbek and Karakalpak folklore, which were recognized as fraternal peoples, formed as a separate nation, complemented each other even in the developed period, and this process continues today, and are also distinguished by their national identity. Like other genres of oral art of the Uzbek and Karakalpak peoples who lived in ancient kinship, the narratives were recognized as different from other Turkic peoples due to their proximity, similarity and commonality. Opinion was expressed regarding the depiction of the white camel depicted in the narrative. In Karakalpak folklore «Ак туйени к?рдин бе?» and the image of a white camel in the Uzbek folklore legend «Кук хукиз ва ок туя хакида». In Karakalpak folklore, the image of Koklen, who calls himself Karatov Nori, is an example of this. It was revealed that ordinary people living in the regions of Beruni, Turtkul, Ellikkala, under the influence of everyday life, lifestyle and worldview, replace their figurative meaning with real content.A comparative study of two interpreted images of a white camel depicted in the Karakalpak folk tale and the Uzbek folk legend was carried out, and the necessary conclusions were drawn on this matter.

The use of socio-political lexicon in fiction text
Тurinmbtova J., Najimov A.Sh.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The basis of the thematic principle of using the socio-political dictionary in poetic works has been studied. The place of words related to socio-political vocabulary is analyzed. At the same time, history also takes into account the features of the construction of related languages. In the modern Karakalpak literary language of socio-political vocabulary, attention is paid to the appearance of the language in various semantic processes (decrease in meaning, expansion of meaning, increase, etc.), changes that occur in them. They also explained the use of socio-political words in lyric works and their acquisition from another language, as well as their meaning. Basically, political words were divided into groups: positions, religious, military terms. The language of his poetic works, the features of using language tools in him, the definition of an individual work of a writer is of great importance, since it reflects the poet’s skill, his contribution to the development of the literary language, his individual style. It is important to study in detail the language of the lyric work and its features. Learning the language of a lyrical work helps to determine the historical development of a language, to determine the weight of its own and assimilations in it, to determine the processes of interaction of languages, to show the factors of its occurrence.

Compound juridical terms in the Karakalpak language
Allamuratov N.E.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

In the neigh bour hood the usage of compound juridical terms has been laernt in the Karakalpak language. There are given the use and differences of Karakalpak terms on a present day. The analytical form of complex legal terms in the Karakalpak language has the ftatures of conjunctive, compound, and double forms. Complex legal terms themselves have two, three, four and more components. The number of complex legal terms with two components is enermous. They are used simply and with word-forming and form-forming additives. With these features, two component complex legal terms consist of the following types. 1. Legal terms that two components come in simple forms. 2. Legal terms made with the help of word-formative adverbs. The article analyzes the nature of the construction of complex legal terms in the Karakalpak language.

The problem of investigation of symbolic of colour in modern linguistics
Khodjalepesova I.M.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article investigates lexemes, which nominate different colours and compose set expressions used to characterize a person and transfer information dealing with description of his/her appearance, age, character, inner state and interpersonal attitude. The author presents English, Uzbek and Karakalpak expressions with various colours and analyzes them from anthropocentric point of view. The symbolism of color acts as a means of reflecting the national culture of native speakers and has great cultural significance. Color tokens convey the deep meanings and interpretations embedded in them, the emotions and experiences of peoples (in our case, English, Uzbek and Karakalpak). Researchers call the symbolism of color the embodiment of cultural values and cultural realities, since the color vision of the world is interpreted by each nation differently. It is shown that the symbolism of color in the description of a person and objects-phenomena of the surrounding reality has both similarities and differences in different linguistic cultures and this is due to the moral-religious, ethnospecific, socio-historical background of peoples and native speakers. Each of the languages studied has a unique meaning, symbolism and specificity of use. This specificity is especially evident in the description of a person, his age, appearance, social status, professional employment, personal characteristics and psychological conditions. The colors most vividly and expressively create vivid and unique images, sometimes metaphorical and hyperbolic, introducing a “twist” and “falling into a point” in the description of anthropocentric characteristics.

Multi-storey houses with transparent facades
Xairova T.J.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

In this article tapes of glasses for light-transparent facades were examined and classified taking into account architectural constructional and operational qualities of projected building. Studied the use of glass materials in high-rise homes, their weaknesses and benefits to achieve a transparent glass, resistance to external influences and ease of use. Studied types of translucent materials, their division on the group, in addition, in transparent glass buildings, are provided with fresh air and reduced the loss of cool air during the summer and hot air in winter. High-rise homes for facades to use the method of double glazing very effectively. It takes into account the pros and cons of considered in the design and suitability of buildings for different purposes. It was noted that each of transparent facade must be classified according to the function of the building material glass should increase of the aesthetic the appearance of the building, the attractiveness of styles, create a composite structures, subtle differences that arise when art problems are interconnected in one architectural decision that allows you to take into account the architectural art requirements.