The effect of injection depletion in semiconductor structures with various models of deep recombination impurity centers
Leyderman A.Yu., Rakhmonov U.T., Turmanova R.M.
Institute of Physics and Technology Scientific production association «Physics-Sun» of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

It has been shown that injection depletion effect can take place not only in structure with n-base containing shallow donors and deep capture centers for holes but also in structure with n-base containing shallow donors and deep compensation recombination centers. The effect of injection depletion was observed experimentally on semiconductor structures made of various materials, in particular, silicon doped with gold or zinc, gallium arsenide containing a high concentration of oxygen, germanium doped with nickel, and many others. In recent years, this effect has been observed in multicomponent graded-gap solid solutions, as well as in structures with a CdS-CdTe heterojunction. In this case, the semiconductor model was usually considered, containing, in addition to deep recombination centers determining the lifetime of free carriers, small doping donors and attachment centers for holes. It is assumed that the concentration of attachment centers is high, and the concentration of recombination centers is low, so that their charge can not be taken into account in the Poisson equation. In this paper, it is shown that the processes leading to the injection depletion effect can also develop in semiconductors with other models of impurities. Thus, it is proved that the effect of injection depletion can be observed not only in semiconductors with single-level deep centers of adhesion, but also in semiconductors with deep compensating recombination centers.

Definition of solubility of gases and thermodynamics of hydration of ions in liquid tetrametilsilane
Tagaev M., Narymbetov B., Kunnazarov B.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the present work measurements of Ostvald coefficient for a water solution in tetramethylsilane, and also its dependence on temperature have been spent. At room temperature value of Q = 0,58±0,05 and the measurements of temperature dependence of Q have shown that Q increases with growth of temperature with energy of activation ?H = 0,10 ± 0,05 eV, which have been used at calculation of concentration СО2 and Н2О in a liquid. It has been shown that on the basis of measurements of conductivity kinetics it is possible experimental definition of constants of hydration of ions in not polar liquid. The received results confirm the offer on increase in change of free energy of hydration in a liquid in comparison with a gas phase at the expense of reduction at hydration of polarisation energy of environmental ion, that leads to essential shift of balance aside of hydrated ions in a liquid. On the other hand, the obtained data testifies that presence at not polar liquid even small quantities of water (it is less 10-4m), leads to transformation of most of ions in hydrated ions and, hence, at the analysis of concentration of ions in processes in liquid dielectrics under real conditions it is necessary to consider their formation.

Comparison of settlement observation of the building of Nukus city with calculations using the PLAXIS finite element program for slab foundation
Aimbetov I.K., Bekimbetov R.Т.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Science Karakalpak Branch Academy Science of the Academy Science of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article presents the results of theoretical calculations of the sediment of the and ribbon variants of the foundation of the building in Nukus using the methods of FE PLAXIS and layer-by-layer summation. Comparison of results the calculations of displacements of slab foundation by finite element method PLAXIS 3D with the results of settlement observation showed corresponding results of theoretical calculations with results in situ observations. The results of calculations of the slab foundation using the PLAXIS 3D FEM and the PLAXIS 2D FEM and layerwise elementary summation methods showed that the displacement of the ribbon foundation is less than the displacement of the slab foundation. Analysis of the calculation results showed that the most economical option for the foundation for the construction site under study is a 1,2 m wide ribbon foundation.

The aim of real thesis is working-out of scientifically-ba sed methods increasing pumping stations technically-operating indices and applying self launching in pump
Abidov K.G., Zaripov O.O., Narzullayeva O.A.
Tashkent State Technical University

For consumers, which are pumping units of reclamation pumping stations, automation provides the proper effect only when the pump units are self-starting, which can significantly increase the reliability of power supply. Self-starting theory is currently developed to a level that allows solving the problems presented by practice. When studying the self-starting of a pumping unit of amelioration pumping stations, the solution of the problem associated with the development of a methodology for calculating the static and dynamic modes of a pumping unit during loss of drive and in switching to self-starting, as well as the calculation of hydromechanical and hydraulic transients of a system using electronic computers, is of great importance. For pumping stations of the irrigation system, power interruptions for several seconds lead to a sudden violation of the water supply process, which, in turn, leads not only to material costs, but also to a violation of reclamation and environmental safety of operation. Therefore, the analysis of the requirements for ensuring the stable operation of consumers during power outages is an urgent task. The article discusses the main processes that occur during the self-start of pumping units of pumping stations of machine water-lifting systems for irrigation, ensuring the rational use of electricity, pump-power equipment and irrigation water. The features of transients during emergency shutdown of pumping units from the power system and self-start are shown, methods are given that allow to determine the optimal self-start modes. The results of experimental studies carried out at pumping units of reclamation pumping stations are presented. Technical solutions for the modernization of pumping units are proposed, allowing the use of self-starting mode at reclamation pumping stations.

Study of the effect of heat treatment on the main physical, chemical and technological properties -mineralogical of the Republic of Karakalpakstan
Abilova A.J., Turemuratov Sh.N., Bekbosinova R.J., Xojametova B.К.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article presents the results of study on the influence of heat treatment in the physicochemical and technological properties of gypsum minerals in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Hydration processes were studied and the basic laws of the formation of hydration structures of hardening binders obtained by heat treatment of gypsum(100-10000С) depending on their phase composition and physic-chemical properties were established. The analysis shows that differences in the phase composition of heat treatment products obtained at different temperatures also determine changes in the physical and chemical properties of gypsum minerals in the temperature range 100-10000 C in particular changes in the kinetics of its dissolution and solubility in water. As a result of high – temperature firing (800-9000 C) of carbonate – gyps mixtures an adhesive material with the ability to hydraulically harden can be obtained.

Using biological activing reagents on base departure for fastening song Priaraliya
Paluaniyazova D.A., Esimbetov A.T., Mukhamedgaliev B.A.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus
Nukus branch of Samarkand Institute of Veterinary Medicine
Tashkent Institute of Architecture and Construction

In article are considered some possibility of the syntheses and using, new polymeric composition material on base lignin in region Aral epidemic deathes. It is shown that problem dry Aral epidemic deathes is a global problem to contemporaneity. For this purpose, we have developed new polymer compositions based on lignin phosphorylation by the Friedel-Crafts reaction. The lignin phosphorylation process was carried out under mild and accessible conditions. The composition and structures of phosphorylated lignophosphonate were identified by modern physicochemical methods of analysis. A study of the electrical conductivity of sand dispersion in various media revealed surface dissolution of its grains with the appearance of neoplasms that form a contact zone at the sand-binder interface, and with increasing pH of the medium, the solubility increases. Studies of the surface of the sand revealed a negative effect of the adsorbed quartz surface of the water, which shields strongly acidic and strongly basic centers and prevents their interaction with the binder. Its longevity is completely dependent on the weather resistance of the binder. The viscous sand layer, in addition to weather resistance, must also have the ability to pass atmospheric moisture through itself and maintain sand moisture, which is very important especially in arid and extra arid conditions. It is established that if the coating will have a combination of these properties, then phytomelioration will have increased effectiveness. An important factor is the fact that the technology and methodology for introducing composite materials is simple, does not require complex technological operations and special training of agricultural workers and farmers.

Research of the kyzyltu quartz-sulfar sands for the object of obtaining tare glasses
Babaev Z.K., Kudyarova K.K., Marimova A.A.
Urgench State University
Karakalpak State University, Nukus
v The article analyzes and outlines the basic requirements for quartz raw materials for the production of glass containers. The importance of the organization of production in the conditions of Uzbekistan for these products as the main component in the development of the processing of agricultural products is indicated. Laboratory studies established the main indicators of quartz-feldspar sands of the Kyzyltuskoe deposit. It is noted that in industrial glass making much attention is paid to the rational selection of the particle size distribution of raw materials. The grain composition of the components affects the conditions of its mixing, delamination during transportation, and the rate of silicate and glass formation reactions. The data obtained are compared with the requirements for quartz raw materials and an enrichment technology has been developed that allows to obtain quartz - feldspar concentrate with satisfactory characteristics, which allows the production of green glass containers.

Distribution of Orthoptera insects (Insecta: Orthoptera) among plant stations of the Ustyurt Plateau
Bazarbayevа D.O., Medetov M.J.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute
Institute of Zoology Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

In an article based on a 2017-2019 study, the Ustyurt Plateau is a large plain located in the most northwestern part of Uzbekistan, surrounded by Kazakhstan in the north and west, in the south of Turkmenistan, and in the east by the Aral Sea and the Amu Darya Delta. The area of 200.000 km?. The landscape of Ustyurt is calcareous clay covered with the formation of wormwood, wormwood-hodgepodge, the southeastern part consists of a rocky desert. To date, information about the fauna of insects of Ustyurt is not enough, studies were conducted only on the fauna of some species of insects. In connection with the environmental changes that have occurred over the past 40-50 years in the Aral Sea region, noticeable processes of change in the population of Bats of this territory are observed.

Spreading termite Anacanthotermes in history monument and reasons of the damage
Matyakubov Z.Sh. , Abdullaev I.I.
Urgench State University
Khorezm Mamun Academy

In town places appearance termite looks at oneself as factor bring economic damage. Given insect damage artistic, history and cultural object at short time. Studies related to the spread and damage of termites were carried out in the historical complexes of Ichan-Kala. The studies examined the distribution, degree of termite infection, belonging to the genus Anacanthotermes in 57 historical monuments of Ichan-Kala, and its causes. In the course of studies in monument Zhuma mosque, Pahlavan Mahmud, Muhammad Amin Inok and Kutlug Murod were studied wood material, which the damaged, as a result of damages in root empty pervaded dirt. The distribution of termites in the Zhuma mosque monument and the relationship between the causes of damage and the external factor (humidity, groundwater, temperature) and the technical condition of the building were studied. As a result of studies of the reasons of the damage wood material termite in history monument, they are revealled that, in explored places were a happy circumstanceses for termite i.e sufficient food facility and moisture, on vicinity were found underground water and finally this was a central to duplication and spreading termite.

Lake Karateren, modern state of population of fishing species
Adenbaev E., Temirbekov R.O., Musaev A.K., Israilova I.O.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

Lake East Karateren is one of the most hydrologically stable reservoirs in Karakalpakstan due to its morphology - great depths. Researches of the lake were carried out according to the following parameters: hydrochemical analysis was carried out and water transparency was determined. There is given information about the soil of the reservoir and the state of the bottom of the lake. The species composition of the fish population of Lake East Karateren was determined. The species composition of the fish population of Lake East Karaterenis represented by natives and acclimatists common in the hydrographic network of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya. According to recent years, the species composition of the indigenous complex is depleted. Ctenopharingodon idella (Val.), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.), Aristhichthys nobilis Rich., Channa argus warpachowskii Berg, Parabramis pekinensis (Bas.), Hemiculter leucisculus (Bas.), Pseudorasbora parva (Schleg.), Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner) got into the lake by self-distibution. Tests for chemical analysis of water showed that the total mineralization of the testing site is different: the maximum salinity is 2.7 g/l, and the minimum is 1.6 g/l. According to the fishery assessment of the forage base persuant to the level of zooplankton and zoobenthos, Lake East Karateren belongs to low-feed reservoirs.

Analysis of biological indexes of infection of year-old fingerlings Rutilus Aralensis by pathogen of Dactylogyrus nanus in Turtkul water - fish industry
Allamuratova Z.B.
Nukus branch of the Tashkent State Agrarian University

In the article the results of research of dynamics of infection of nanus fishes of first-year pathogenic monogenous Dactylogyrus are presented lives, that meet on the reservoirs of water-fish economy of "Antika" Turtkul the district located on the south of Republic of Karakalpakstan. Were first certain in permanent establishment of Turtkul of water pool of fish industry of loud speaker, extensiveness, intensity infection the pathogen of Dactylogyrus of nanus fingerlings of first-year of life depending on their morph-physiological features in the conditions of epizootic invasion morbidity of Middle Asia. Information is provided on the rates of infection by pathogenic representatives of Dactylogyrus nanus of the class of monogenetic flukes, and their abundance dynamics depending on the morphoanatomical and ecological features of the yearling fry of the Aral roach of the fish representatives of the Karpov family. In the ecological conditions of the South Aral Sea region in the Turtkul fishery water basin, the formation of infection of fry of the Aral roach of the first year of life with a pathogenic representative of the class of monogenetic flukes Dactylogyrus nanus obeys the formulated law of V.A. Dogel’s. Given that the fish of older age groups are carriers of invasion, it is necessary to prevent their joint keeping with juveniles. It is necessary to improve the sanitary condition of the ponds by draining, disinfecting and freezing the bed in winter.

Some aspects of researches of ecological risks for water ecosystems of southern Aral Sea area
Kalimbetova R.Yu.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

In the article the questions of study and estimation of ecological risk are examined for water ecosystems in the region of Southern Priaralie. Methodological bases of estimation of stability and ecological prosperity of water objects are related to the decision of problem of quantitative description of large number of processes, qualificatory properties of ecosystems. Assessing the sustainability of an aquatic ecosystem to a change in properties does not boil down to only taking into account one property. It is obtained as a result of taking into account many properties characterized by a large complex of parameters, among which the physical-geographical and climatic conditions and the nature of anthropogenic impact are decisive. It has been established that the optimal stability of aquatic ecosystems is achieved by physicochemical processes of transfer, dilution, sorption, and migration of matter. The stability of aquatic ecosystems is also due to the ability of organisms to adapt to the effects, as a result of the internal resistance of the biochemical organization. It is proved that the methodological foundations for assessing the sustainability and environmental well-being of water bodies are associated with solving the problem of quantitative description of a large number of processes that determine the properties of ecosystems. At development of criteria and methods of estimation of ecological stability of ecosystems realization of the special scientific researches and perfection of ecological monitoring of water objects is needed.

Cubic digestion and qualitative indicators of milk in cows by feeding with diets of various type of food
Razhamuradov Z.T., Khuzhanova L.
Samarkand State University
Samarkand Institute of Veterinary Medicine

The article presents the composition of the fed rations, which included components and defining types of feeding, silage and haylage. Scientific and practical experiments to study the influence of silage and haylage type of feeding in lactating cows were carried out in the conditions of the dairy complex "Chortut" of the Samarkand viloyat. Two groups of Holstein cows were formed with 6 heads in each group. Animals of the control group received a silage-type diet, and cows of the experimental group received a haylage-type diet. The content of nutrients in the diets was almost identical and corresponded to the norms of feeding (A.Р. Kalashnikova et al., 2003). The amounts of nutrients consumed from the compared diets and their influence on the indicators of scar content were determined, thanks to the results of their own biochemical analyses. The coefficient of digestibility of nutrients in the diets of the compared groups was determined. Control over the processes of digestion and metabolism was carried out on the basis of indicators of scar fluid taken from animals three hours after feeding with the help of a food probe using the method of V.Р.Degtyarev and A.S.Kozlov. The main indicators of scar content were within the normal range typical for highly productive animals. Along with studying the digestive processes in cows, the qualitative indicators of milk were studied to determine the role of the compared diets of different types of food. According to the results of experiments, it was found that the use of high-yielding cows in feeding with haylage-type diets provides an increase in the content of total protein, casein and whey proteins in cow's milk.

Ontogenetic structure cenopopulations of the Euphorbia sclerocyanthium Korovin et Рорov in Ustyurt Plateau
Abduraimov O.S., Adilov B.A., Tamambetova Sh. B., Rakhimova N.K.
Institute of Botany, Academy Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The article investigates the ontogenetic structure of 5 cenopopulations of Euphorbia sclerocyanthium Korovin et Popov in Ustyurt Plateau. Different ecological-phytocenotic conditions are characterized normal, incomplete. In some cenopopulations, the percentage of shoots at stage j (CP 3, 5) and s (CP 1) was not observed. According to the Delta-omega classification, it is noted that cenopopulations ripening (CP 1), young (CP 2) and mature (CP 3,4,5) are type. The density of individuals and the ecological density of individuals of the detected cenopopulations were studied. If the density of individuals per 1 m2 of area is 1.85-6.25, then their ecological density has a higher indicator, that is 2.31-7.81. The comparison of recovery indices (Ir) and aging indices (Ia), reflecting dynamic processes in the cenopopulation, is also carried out. In most of the surveyed cenopopulations, the recovery index is higher than one, which indicates a good seed renewal of individuals. The aging index in all coenopopulations is close to zero, this is due to the fact that most individuals die in the old generative state. The obtained data on the assessment of demographic and ontogenetic indicators of cenopopulations are used when introducing long-term monitoring, plant cadastre, and compiling the next edition of the Red Book.

The consumption of nutrients and the processes of rumen digestion in goats when feeding them with monofoodmi rations
Kuziev M.S.
Samarkand State University

When used, the individual feed (monofood) as additional dressing to the diet in the winter season, and to study their impact on the intensity of the flow of metabolic processes and digestion of nutrients can be controlled with the study of biochemical indicators of rumen fluid and blood serum of animals. It was found that the intensity of metabolic processes and digestion of nutrientsin addition to fiber content of the diet and has a certain influence of cellulose, hemicellulose and crude protein. The soft carcass mass absorbs saliva and other gastric juices in the big belly, mixes slightly with fluids, provides a normal contraction of the big belly and a 33.2% longer duration of active function than at rest, which leads to the formation of volatile fatty acids in this big belly groups of goats. and we believe that this product has led to an increase in the amount of microbial proteins synthesized by colon microorganisms, creating favorable conditions. Thus, based on the above results, it is possible to control metabolism, nutrient absorption, biochemical parameters of large abdominal fluid and serum in animals treated with monoproducts during the winter, as well as the effect of structural carbohydrates and crude protein on metabolism and assimilation of substances. can summarize on the spot.

Dynamics of hydro chemical factors of some water reservoirs of the Amudarya delta
Orel M.M.
Karakalpak research Institute of Natural Sciences of Karakalpak branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The decrease in the level of the Aral Sea (1962-2002) was reflected in the entire hydrographic network of the Amu Darya delta, especially in coastal water bodies located along the southern coast of the sea and sea bays of the former coast of the Aral Sea. This led to an increase in the salinity of many lakes. The studied water indicators of the lakes - Sarbas and Jiltirbas show the dynamics of changes in the ionic composition of the water of these lakes in recent years and their overgrowth by higher water plants. The overgrowth of lakes Sarbas and Jiltirbas by water plants is very high (50-55%), the main species are Myriophyllum spicatum L., Potamogeton crispus L., Potamogeton pectinatus L. reed (Phragmitis australis) Trin.), cattail (Typha angistifolia L.). The salt composition of the lakes varies greatly from year to year. This primarily depends on the watering of water bodies and because of the high overgrowth of the water area by higher water vegetation, where the distribution of water is uneven and water exchange is difficult. In Lake Sarbas, the minimum salinity was 1,65 g/l, the maximum - 4.84 g/l. The water of Lake Jiltirbas is characterized by higher salinity, the maximum salinity in it reaches - 7.96 g/l, the minimum - 1.81 g/l. Thus, falling water levels in lakes and low water availability are the leading factors in changing the hydro chemical parameters of water bodies and limit the possibilities of fish farming. Therefore, in the future, measures are needed to stabilize the water regime, monitor hydro chemical indicators and research in the field of studying the influence of salinity on the development of commercial fish species.

Hydrological factors of forming of oxygen mode in lakes of Southern Aral Sea area
Bakhieva L.A., Berdаmbetova B.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

Results of research of the gas mode in lakes of Southern Aral Sea area are presented in article. It is established that in new ecological conditions the gas mode of reservoirs are predisposed to process of an eutrophication. The comparative analysis of the got results and literary data showed that mineralization of Amudarya water and studied reservoirs grew continuously. The considered lake ecosystems are the most prosperous and promising reservoirs in fisheries. Irrigation runoff nutrition, relatively large deep water, openness of the reservoir, good miscibility and water exchange are factors favorable for the development of fisheries. In this regard, the main necessary measure for the data of the considered water bodies should be the regular supply of fresh river waters. A comparative analysis of the obtained results and literature data showed that the salinity of the Amu Darya water and the studied water bodies continuously increases and varies from 0.6 to 3.6 g/l. The main methods of dealing with kills are oxygen saturation of the water and protection of the reservoir from the discharge of various organic and other substances into it. The phenomenon of stagnation is associated with very high eutrophication of water bodies. Oxygen mode very dynamic, often tensely enough and especially on the litoral stations of lakes and bays, often arise up the scarce state of death of fishes, for prevention of kill the permanent changing of water is needed.

Issues of inproving the productivity of drylands usung the environment forming function of plants
Babadjanova Sh.K., Mambetullaeva S.M.
Urgench State University
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article discasses the issues of improving the productivity of drylands usung the environment forming function of plants. In the field experiment conducted in conditions of irrigated meadow soils of the desert zone of Uzbekistan we examined an efficiency of two nitrogen rates and inoculant fertilizer on soyа bean grown as a summer crop after winter wheat. It was revealed that inoculation of soyа bean seeds using inoculant fertilizer and application of N30P120K100 kg ha-1 before planting resulted in obtaining the highest grain yield in the experiment. It was also established that in the conditions of irrigated meadow soils of the desert zone of Uzbekistan, it was shown that during summer soybean cultivation after harvesting winter wheat, the maximum leaf surface area of plants is observed at the beginning of the formation of beans with the introduction of mineral fertilizers. However, in this case, the intensive development of the vegetative parts of plants and the comparatively lesser degree of accumulation of generative organs of soy were revealed. Therefore, in studies, the largest soybean grain yield (1.59 t/ha) with a reliable increase in the range of 0.12-0.25 t/ha was obtained when used in combination with presowing seed inoculation with nitragin. The use of biological products provides an increase in crop yields, obtaining quality products and improving the environmental situation in agrocenoses.

Yield and qualitative indicators of grain of varieties of winter tritical in khorezm region
Doschanov J.S., Baboev S.K., Khamraev N.U.
Khorezm Aacademy of Mamun

This article was studied in field and laboratory studies of the yield and grain quality of 11 varieties of triticale grown in the conditions of the Khorezm region. In the experiments, biometric and qualitative indicators of the grain of triticale varieties were studied, on the basis of which the necessary results were obtained. The experiments showed that the average grain yield of grades by biometric indicators was 54.1-89.2 c/ha, the average weight of 1000 grains was 35.3-48.5 g, the average grain yield was 705-880 g/l. In addition, the degree of transparency of the grain, the content of raw and dry gluten and its quality (indicator IDK) were checked in laboratory studies.The average gluten content in grades was 10.9-25.8% when classified in accordance with UzST 13586.1-68. The amount of dry gluten in the grain ranged from 4.4-12.2%. When the IDK quality group was determined, it was revealed that the varieties belong to the quality group I, that is, “Good” and II, that is, “Satisfactory weak”. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that by sowing such triticale varieties as Tikhon, GulDU, Sergey and Farhad, it is possible not only to harvest a high crop, but also to obtain high-quality grain in the soil and climatic conditions of the Khorezm region.

Breeding and study of bioecology of european sorts of pear of Pyrus Communis L. on in salt soils of Republic of Karakalpakstan
Saparova G.K., Kamalova G.K.
Tashkent State Agrarian University

In the article “Pyrus communis L. Cultivation and study of agrotechnics of salt-resistant pear varieties in the northern regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, breeding, fruiting and resistance to saline soils of the European variety Olivier de Serre in the northern regions of Uzbekistan are studied. Middle index of stability of the pear planting in the north of Karakalpak of 81,9%, it is necessary to consider high enough, if to take into account the high degree of increase of salt of soils here. A pear tends to produce yields that are more aligned than apple trees, says A.R. Schroeder, who conducted research in the Tashkent region. As a result of long-term observations of pome seeds in the north of Karakalpakstan, scientists came to the conclusion that the pear yields 1.5 times more yield than the apple tree, also the pear yields large yields, and does not suffer from a sharp periodicity in fruiting while reading a high degree of soil salinity. The high solar activity in Karakalpakstan ensured the highest sugar accumulation in the fruits of European pears compared to Tashkent, Samarkand and Crimea, especially in Olivier de Serre. Taking into account the excellent biological indicators and the high productivity of winter varieties, in newly laid gardens in the northern regions they should be provided with at least 50% of the area of pear plantations. All-round estimation of the collected scientific materials about biology of the above-ground and root systems of pear in the north of Karakalpak allowed to the author of work to come to persuasion can and must become the new perspective district of study and breeding pear Republic of Uzbekistan.

Amounts of salt-saw aerosols deposited from the dried botton of the Aral Sea and their effect on cotton productivity
Ismaylov U.E., Zinatdinov K., Ismaylov B.
Tashkent State Agrarian Universtiy Nukus branch

As a result of drying the Aral Sea there appeared a saline desert, which area is more than 5 million ha. Salty dust removes to irrigated lands near the sea by the influence of strong wind. In consequence of this, the level of saline soil increases, and this influences negatively on the growth, development and productivity of agricultural crops. Influence of drying the Aral Sea on cotton productivity was studied. Removing salty dust decreases soil productivity and cotton harvest. As a result of investigations it was defined that 159-233 kg of salty dust removes to central region and 198-274 kg to northern region in vegetation period in the Republic of Karakalpakstan in 2012-2014. By the influence of salty dust cotton harvest decreased to 2,1 c. In the aim of decreasing this negative influence when organic fertilizer was used on the amount of 10, 20 and 30 t/ha before the first cultivation as a mulch it was defined that cotton harvest increases from 4,2 c/ha up to 9 c/ha. Also it was defined that salty dust removes to northern regions (100-200 km) more than central regions (250-350 km).

Resistance of wheat varieties to heat created in different soil and climatic conditions
Juraev D.T., Egamov I.U., Boisunov N.B.
Kashkadarya branch of the Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous Crops
Scientific and Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous Crops, Andijan

As a result of global climate change and an increase in the average monthly air temperature of 1.5°C, they lead to sharp changes in agriculture. For low-water irrigated regions, new high-yielding wheat varieties with low water requirements should be created. Due to a sharp increase in air temperature during the loading period of wheat in the southern regions, grain productivity is reduced. In many studies, lines created in various soil and climatic conditions were studied. This article provides data on the heat resistance properties of resistant varieties to environmental factors.

Optimal irrigation and nutrition application scheduling of cotton varieties (gossypium barbadenze) in southern zone of Uzbekistan
Allanov Kh.K.
Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnologies Research Institute, Tashkent

For the first time, in conditions of old irrigated takyr soilswith transition to meadow type of Kashkadarya province the southern zone of Uzbekistan, the optimal irrigation and nutrition application scheduling were developed with the aim to obtain high seed-lint yield of cotton varieties “Yolotan-14” and “Surkhan-104”. According to research results, optimal irrigation scheduling 70-75-65% FC with application of N250P175K1125 kg ha-1 of mineral fertilizer for abovementioned cotton varieties where average cotton seed-lint yield equaled to 3.66 t ha-1of Yolotan-14 variety and 4.20 t ha-1 of Surkhan-104 variety respectively. The optimal plant density was 110-120 thousand plants ha-1 for pima cotton variety Yolotan-14 and 130-140 thousand plants ha-1 for Surkhan-104 variety.

Settlement of the Karakalpaks at the end of the XVI-XVIII centuries
Piskunova I.B.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

At the end of the XVI-XVIII centuries karakalpaks occupied a large geographical area. In the XVII century the banks of the Syr Darya from modern Turkestan, the land between the Syr Darya and Amu Darya and the Eastern coast of the Aral Sea were inhabited by karakalpaks. This was reflected on the map of Remezov, compiled by decree of Peter I in 1696-1706. On this territory there were cities with a settled population (for example, Turkestan, Sygnak, Uzgend), which sometimes paid tribute to the karakalpaks. Karakalpaks who lived on the banks of the Syr Darya River were called "Turkestan" or "Syr Darya" karakalpaks. Some karakalpaks lived in the khanate of Khiva, the Emirate of Bukhara, and the khanate of Kokand. Some karakalpaks lived in the Volga region, on the banks of the Volga, Emba, and Ural rivers. These karakalpaks are called "Western" or "North-Western" karakalpaks. In the historical sources there are "Volga", "Ural" or "Yaik" karakalpaks. These groups of "Western" or "North-Western" karakalpaks were named after the rivers where there were karakalpak nomads. In summer, karakalpaks moved North and Northwest to the pastures of the Volga, Yaik, Emba, and Mias rivers. With the onset of autumn, the karakalpaks moved to the southern nomads along the Syr Darya. In the XVIII century, in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya, near the nomads of the karakalpaks, there was a winter headquarters of Abulkhair Khan - Khan of the Younger Horde of Kazakhs. In the primary sources of the end of the XVII-XVIII centuries among the neighbors of the karakalpaks, we can find Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Turkmens, Nogais, Bashkirs and even Kalmyks.

Librarianship in Karakalpkstan in the post-war period
Reimbaev R.
Nukus State Pedagogica Institute

In the 1946-1950s, certain steps were taken to restore the library network in Karakalpakstan. The Government began to restore the system of national economy and culture. A network of libraries in the form of governmental and departmental libraries was restored, and mobile libraries and reading rooms were also formed in rural areas. Due to the hard socio-economic situation, the libraries’ book stock was scarce and many of them were inactive. In the early 1950s, the network of libraries was reorganized and libraries of republican significance were formed in Karakalpakstan, as well as district, rural and small libraries at clubs, institutions, and the activities of mobile libraries and reading rooms had improved significantly. The establishment of new libraries as well as children's libraries started in the district centers of the republic. The increase in the number of libraries in the early 1950s was also due to the formation of independent libraries at every educational institution, agricultural artel and rural clubs. It was found that the material and technical base of the library network of the republic began to change qualitatively in the 1960s. Nowadays, the formation of modern structures, the strengthening of the material and technical base and the staffing of information resource centers and libraries are taking place.

The study of traditional culture of Koreans of Uzbekistan: the space and time in semantic of wedding rites.
Pak L.V.
Institute of History Academy of Scientific of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

Traditional Korean wedding rituals are part of traditional culture and an important rite of passage in human life. Wedding ritual consists of many elements, phenomena, actions, categories. One of these important categories is space and time. The space – time continuum is the stands on of the whole wedding ritual unfolds. The author made an attempt to show how important this category in each wedding stage. This category helps to reveal the symbolic and semantic content, as well as the interaction of the constituent elements of the rite.

Karakalpak moslem clergy of the 18th-19th centuries
Karlibaev M.A.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the 18th-19th centuries in the Lower Amu Darya, the role of the cult of saints is strengthened, which was facilitated by the special "attention" of the Khiva khans. In the 19th century, Karakalpak children received their education in Khiva and Bukhara madrassas. In Bukhara, they mainly studied following the Nakshbandiya tariqa, in Khiva they received religious education and returned as an Akhund, imams and kazi. Upon returning home, they become religious leaders, initiate the construction of Muslim institutions (mosques, madrassas), hold positions to monitor compliance with religious regulations, etc. Many Karakalpak graduates of the Bukhara and Khiva madrassas traveled to Kazakh and Turkmen steppes, spreading religious knowledge. Archival data indicate that in the 19th century in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya, there were about a hundred ishans of the "Khufiya" sufi order. The names of the Karakalpak religious leaders are known in history, who played a significant role not only in cultural and social, but also in political life - these are Murat Shaykh, Imam Ishan, Karakum Ishan and others. The names of other representatives of the clergy, such as Zhantemir Ishan, Ataulla Ishan, Aymuhammed Ishan from Chimbay, Aymuhammed Ishan from Kamysly, Yesim Ishan, Suyun Ishan, Yeshim Akhund and many others are also known among the people. Today, to study this issue, we have a number of written sources and valuable oral information.

Recycling of ceramic fragments as a building material (based on the materials of the ancient settlement of Akchakhan-kala)
Toreniyazov A.Zh.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The archaeological ceramic material of ancient Khorezm is chronologically divided into archaic, ancient, early medieval and medieval. In this work, ceramic material from the Akshahan Kala settlement is published, and the ceramic material of this settlement dates from the ancient period. The results of the work and archaeological artifacts obtained during 25 years of research of the ancient settlement by the international expedition are presented. Ceramic vessels, after losing their direct functional purpose, were used a second time as building material that researchers observed in many monuments of ancient Khorezm, including the Akshakhan Kala settlement. The use of ceramic fragments as a building material in the Akshakhan Kala settlement is being introduced into the scientific revolution. The paper gives examples of the secondary use of ceramic walls of vessels for the purpose of waterproofing raw walls and in the construction of a drainage system. Analogies of the secondary use of ceramic fragments in other sites of ancient Khorezm are given. The assumptions are made of the use of ceramic fragments in the construction business of ancient Khorezm.

Social protection and support of the population during the coronavirus pandemic in Uzbekistan
Palvaniyazov A.Y.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article deals with the work carried out by the President and the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan to strengthen social protection and ensure the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population in the fight against the spread of coronavirus infection in the country, as well as decrees and resolutions adopted during the quarantine period. and important documents. The article also focuses on the issues of social protection identified by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On priority measures to mitigate the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic and global crisis on sectors of the economy." The article mentions the charitable assistance provided by the Sponsorship Coordination Center, established under the Ministry of Community and Family Support. The article notes that social assistance products are delivered to low-income families in need of social protection, the elderly and the elderly, the unemployed, as well as the families of citizens who are unable to work due to quarantine. The article also highlights the close cooperation of the Ministry of Mahalla and Family Support and its territorial divisions with citizens' self-government bodies in order to ensure the targeting of social benefits and financial assistance. The article also mentions the charitable work of a number of countries to the needy during the epidemic. The article says that the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 18, 2020 "On measures to improve the socio-spiritual environment in society, further support the institution of the community and bring the system of work with families and women to a new level." The article describes the simplification of procedures for assessing the need for social benefits for families, including the current procedure for the appointment and payment of social benefits, set out in paragraph 19 of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On additional measures to support the population, industries and businesses during the coronavirus pandemic." some changes will be discussed.

The role of political parties in process of modernization of State and society: on example of European countries (hystorycal-polytological analysis)
Yakubov B.
Uzbekistan State University, Tashkent

Currently, issues of enhancing the participation of political parties in modernization processes in the Republic of Uzbekistan are becoming relevant.In this regard, the importance of studying this topic on the example of developed countries, primarily European ones, is updated. This is due to the fact that the activity of political parties, for example, in the EU, is one of the important factors in the democratization of all spheres of state and public life.The article provides a multi-factor analysis of the role of political parties in Europe in the processes of renewal and modernization of certain Western countries. Using concrete examples from the historical past and modern development of Great Britain, Germany and France, the place of political parties in the state-building system is revealed, their role in the development and implementation of the most important programs for improving the socio-political, socio-economic spheres, overcoming the crisis situations in the economy of these states. The importance of political parties in the unification of the state and society on the implementation of tasks of national importance, bringing to the logical conclusion of various reforms to transform these countries is revealed. A special place is given to the role of political parties in the processes of political modernization of society. In conclusion, possible options for testing and using the experience of leading European countries in the processes of further formation of political parties and enhancing their participation in the modernization processes carried out in our country are proposed and considered.

Legal, technical standards in the legal systems and some issues relevant to location and essence of legal and technical norms
Yashnarbekov A.
Independent Applicant of Tashkent State Law University

The author provides scientific overview of multiple problems in connection with the location and importance of legal and technical standards in the legal system. Specifically, this study aims to demonstrate a legal system that is explored in the theory of state and law from a scientific point of view and as such this shall serve as a study of the legal nature of the rule of law presented as the study of the relationship between social norms and technical norms, the basic concepts and meaning of the legal and technical norms.

Use of a socio-political dictionary in a literary text
Najimov A.Sh.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The language of the literary text serves to study the history of the literary language, because literary texts written in each period describe various patterns, changes in the history of the development of the language, store important information for the history of the language and show the development of certain categories. Some talented writers seem to shape and develop the linguistic and literary-linguistic norms of their works. The language of the literary text, the features of using language tools in it are of great importance in determining the individual creativity of the writer, since it reflects the poet’s skill, his contribution to the development of the literary language, his individual style. The basis of the thematic principle of using the socio-political dictionary in poetic works has been studied. The role of words related to socio-political vocabulary was analyzed. At the same time, history also takes into account the features of the construction of related languages. The use of socio-political words in the literary text and their assimilation from another language and their meaning were also explained. A comprehensive study of the language of the lyric work and its features is of great importance. Studying the language of a literary text helps determine the historical development of a language, determine the weight of its own and assimilations in it, determine the processes of interaction of languages, and show the factors of its occurrence.

From the history of the study of converbs in Turkology
Alniyazov A.I.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanities of Karakalpak branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article provides a broad overview of scientific papers devoted to the study of converbum in the Turkic languages. In the study of -p converbum, according to tradition, the terms and categories developed in Indo-European, mainly in Russian, are transferred to the Turkic languages. As a result, most scholars define the structural features, or semantics of sentences, as the main features of such categories. If structural features are taken into account, then a conclusion is requested that the subordinate conjuctions are not at all characteristic of the Turkic languages, because in the subordinate clauses there must be subordinate conjuctions (as in Russian). When determining by semantic features in almost all modern Turkic languages, the translation into Russian is taken as the basis. In this case, most of the participle predications take the form of a subordinate clause. Of course, it is difficult to say that such approaches correspond to the internal laws of the Turkic languages. Based on this, the author concludes that sentences with -p converbum should be considered as compound sentences.

Somatic phraseologies with the component “hand” in the language of Karakalpak kazakhs
Bekniyazov B.K.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The article tells about the dialectal features of the language of the Kazakhs living in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In particular, the influence of the Uzbek and Karakalpak literary languages on the language of the Kazakh people is proved by examples. Dialectical and literary variants of somatic phraseologies with a “hand” component are analyzed. Phraseologism that occur in language are units that express the customs, spirituality, cultural life, national worldview of a particular nation; it is said that the phraseologies appeared in the stages of formation of the language in different epochs have survived several periods, but have survived to our time, retaining their originality and value with their earliest, oldest form. In the article, the Kazakh literary language is mentioned as a scientific source with the phraseological richness of the language, the difference between phraseological units from simple, free word groups, grammatical structure, lexico-semantic differences and semantic concepts. Also, M.Atabaeva's views on dialectical somatism phraseology are mentioned as scientific sources. Materials of related Turkic languages are presented in a comparative way with somatic phraseologies in Bashkir, Uzbek and Karakalpak languages. In order to prove the scientific theory and reliability of the analyzed linguistic materials, the phraseologist took part in the "hand" body part of the spoken language of the Kazakh people in southern regions of Karakalpakstan. He also scientifically interpreted the words that came semantically related to the word hand, such as armpit, palm, forearm, finger-like reference units.

Features of the kinetic means of non-verbal behavior in the Karakalpak language (based on examples of historical works)
Tleumuratov G., Najimova G.B.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article deals with the features of kinetic means in the non-verbal behaviour of the Karakalpaks on the examples of historical fictions. Karakalpak kinesthetic means are distinguished by their unique national specifics, which is expressed by the special ways of different non-verbal actions, according to their specific social differences of communication. The article considers Karakalpak non-verbal behavior in comparison with foreign non-verbal behavior in order to understand how people communicate using the same kinetic means in communication. This article discusses the non-verbal behavior of “touching”, “shaking hands”, as well as manual gestures in the national behavior of the Karakalpaks, a nod of the head and a look. In order to correctly formulate the meaning of non-verbal behavior, the concept of various kinetic means is analyzed and a description of observations of the behavior of Karakalpak gestures and a study of non-verbal behavior in historical fiction are noted.

Usage of derivative affixes in the structure of the Karakalpak oikonyms
Kurbanov M.D.
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute

The given article deals with analysis of derivative affixes as a component of the Karakalpak oikonyms. Affixes have some features in building terms. They are compared with varianats from other languages. There is described relation of the word and term. Moreover, it is proven that in building derivative affixes have special place in building local oikonyms. The article deals with the problem of learning in a language the functions of proper names in close connection with such sciences as linguistics, history and geography. Objects of study of oikonyms are precisely marked. Named their differences from the names of another type. The importance of analyzing oikonyms from the structural aspect is highlighted. Models are indicated and compared during the formation of toponyms and words. The place of the affixation method in the formation of oikonyms is determined. Also, we are talking about the problems of using affixes in Turkic toponyms. It is a question of their functions in the formation of words and place names, which occupies a place in the Turkic and Slavic languages. Some opinions of a number of famous toponymists in this regard are given. The use of affixes ly / -li, lyk / -lik, -shy / -shi, -kesh -zar in Karakalpakstan oikonyms is confirmed by concrete examples. We are talking about the derivation of the development of some toponyms. It is a question of the unproductive affixation method in the formation of toponyms. The need for further in-depth study of this issue is noted.

Prepositions in german language and their equivalents in karakalpak language
Djumamuratov A., Kurbanov Ya., Babaeva G.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

This article deals with German prepositions and their equivalents in Karakalpak language. Morphological analysis is given. Comparatively, their structure and formation are examined. Their differences and similarities are considered. Information on their usage is given. Case prepositions are studied. They are in most cases as auxiliary words. Information is given on differences from other parts of speech. They are considered as a bunch. Most cases indicate the place, time, reason, condition, purpose, and other meanings of the action. Used with parts of speech that express the names of the action. Among scholars there are various thoughts about pretexts, but they have come to a general conclusion. They are a grammatical phenomenon, do not have a lexical meaning. In this case, they act as ligaments. Postpositions in Turkic languages are a part of speech that has more characteristic features. They make sense of target, numerical, comparative, and others. They are located after the defined words. They require after themselves certain case endings, are syntactically associated with other words and are in the role of a control word; they cannot be changed with other words. In Turkic languages, in many cases, prepositions are given by case endings, without a postposition. And in the German language can be given with case endings or with a preposition, this is a common characteristic in the compared languages.

Lexical units of the modern newspaper language
Kallibekova G.P.
Karakalpak Research institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article describes the language of the newspaper in karakalpak linguistics and its role in the development of our literary language, its meaning. In article on the basis of the newly introduced lexical units in newspaper language, phrases are analyzed especially regarding their use in the texts of branch press. These lexical units and phrases used in newspaper texts are considered to serve as the living language of society, in the presentation of today. They are actively used types are shown in the attribution. The features of the language and style of the newspaper were studied through the eyes of scientific literature. The main focus is also on how researchers analyze lexical units and phrases in the language of newspapers in a peculiar way. To date, newspaper texts are expanding the possibilities of using lexical units that have the main meaning in the Karakalpak literary language. There are widespread cases when they are combined with another meaning, or names, terms, words corresponding to various industries acquire a new meaning. This means that these lexical units and phrases are explained to the public through the language of the newspaper. Also, the newspaper language has such a property that using its broad capabilities can quickly popularize each new lexical unit.

«Magic stone» in the Karakalpak epic «Koblan»
Palymbetov K.S.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the plot of Karakalpak epic “Koblan” we get acquainted with agallery of interconnected images. Kani (the head of nation), bays (the rich) heroes and images of women, shepherds divas peri sorcerers and black witches. In the plot of the epics various beliefs and concepts formed in the minds of people of the early historical period are reflected. Unable to explain the various phenomena of the world around him, an ancient tried to endow them, by virtue of his consciousness and mythical concepts, with miraculous powers tried to explain them with the help of magic, withcraft. This article talks about the magic stone found in the plot of the Karakalpak folk epos “Koblan”. The essence of the magic of this stone is that thanks to it, the cloud can be turned into a horse. And in the legend, with the help of magic stone-the main part of the plot-the storyline unfolds and finds its denouement. The author of the article gives examples from historical and ethnographic sources about the magic stone, thanks to which the ancient Turkic peoples worshiping the blue deity –the ruler of haven, coused clouds and rain. The rituals, namely the use of stones in solving problems that have arisen, find their embodiment in the epic “Koblan”, which is confirmed by examples from the story. From a scientific poin of view, the author approaches the analysis of the fact that the magic stone (poison) found in the plots of the Karakalpak epics is an echo of faith in the supreme deity of all Turkic peoples.

Sources of forming development of the Karakalpak legend
Allambergenova I.Kh.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article describes the sources of the Karakalpak legends and the stages of its development. There is an idea of the genre nature of Karakalpak legends, their role in the system of the national prose. Development is different from other genres of oral prose. It has been said that contaminating, retrospective, effects are present in the emergence of development. The development differs from other oral prose genres and has identified in common. Karakalpak folk legends differ from other genres of folklore in that they reflect the historical realities and traditions of the past on the basis of life fiction. Theoretical concepts and research methods of world folklore on the genesis, classification and poetics of folk prose have launched a new stage in the collection, systematization, preparation for publication and study of materials of epic genres of Karakalpak folklore, such as fairy tales, legends and stories. Determining the genre nature of the legends, their place in the system of folk prose, the specificity of the plot and the composition of motifs will be the basis for further enrichment of the theory of modern Karakalpak folklore. The study of the features, loetic features and sources of the plot system of Karakalpak legends allows to determine the stages of development and artistic evolution of folk oral creativity.

Novel-essay about Karakalpak literature
Оrazimbetov K.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article up resents are vie wonano vela-essay «Ibrayim Yusupov» of the writer Sharap Usnatdinov from the point of viewoftheoryof literature and literary criticism. The author studies the gen crenature, composition, plot, characters and conflicts of the novel-essay that determine the literary-artistic peculiarities of the work. Accor ding tot heat hor’sopiniont heartisticva lueofthenovel-essayi sinthefollo wing: firstly, an image of one of the outstanding great persons of Karakalpak literature of the XX-th century - the poet Ibrayim Yusupov has been shown skillfully, secondly, the work is the description of the history of development of Karakalpak literature. One ofth epic laities of the genre of essay is its ability to combine in the same work artistic imagination, fantasy and historical facts. The author of the novel-essay made use of these opportunities successfully. The author used a variety of artistic-expressive means with the purpose of thorough description of the image of the great poet- the main character of the book. The other characters of the work are also important, they help the author to show the poet’s best human qualities. They are the characters of: Eleman, Embergen, Sabir Kamalov, Mambet Jumashev, Orasbay Zarekeev, Tolibay Kayipov and others. Manyeven tsinthewor karethee vents that have takenp laceinreal life, historical events from the life of Karakalpak literature. It shouldbe emphasized hat thewriterhimself wasa witnes sandparti cipantofmost of them. Thea bove-mentione dpoint sofvie wandstate ments of the article’s author are undo ubtedly of a great interest for specialists in literature because they are new in Karakalpak literary study.

Letters of the heroes in the prose of T.Kaipbergenov
Kaniyazova J.O.
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The article considers the works of the writer T.Kaypbergеnov. The writer has a unique style in creating the image of the hero in his works. This method of artistic depiction is the application of the letters of the protagonist. The function of the hero’s letters in the work of the writer T.Kaipbergеnov is studied on the basis of the compositions «Cold Drop», «Sleepless Nights», «Mystery Known Only to Him», «The Black Notebook» and «Epic of the Karakalpak» trilogy, the essay «Letters to My Father». The article analyzes the letters of the protagonists and divides them into three types according to their characteristics: the inner experiences of the protagonist, the letters included as a way of describing his psychological state (Kamal's letter in the story "A Cold Drop" and Svetlana and her mother Perikhan in The Lonely Mystery); letters indicating that significant changes in the development of the plot may or may not be significant changes in the fate of the protagonists (a letter from Captain Abdullayev in "Sleepless Nights" and letters in the trilogy "Epic of the Karakalpak"); a form of narration of the events in the work (Ayshagul's letter in the Black Book and the essay "Letters to my father"). According to the ideological-thematic, genre nature of the work, the author's assignment of an artistic function to the heroes' letters is shown by concrete examples.

Written genealogy of the eastern people
Utambetova A.J.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

This article karakalpak folklore and literature this day until little observed important problem built, because East nations literature paperwork pedigree essential and forms glance, this pedigree mankind history most foundation wonderful piece that look rustig. This problems scientific view-point cruise K.Mambetov's “Karakalpaks pedigree” named book nation's olden, baba's history nation mouth frame piece written history with comparative research and this work foundation “Pupil from father Turk khagan until”, “From Turk khagan Shingis khan until”, “From Shingis khan turkiy nations piece until” big three period, where relate pedigree turk nations and how make a note in this book, right first pedigree turk nations write liveliness in XVII century Khiva's khan Abulgazi Bahadir khan. In article in history-realist plan study problems karakalpak folklore XVIII century in comparison with “Pedigree” – poem classic karakalpak literature Berdakh. Also study artistic recreation history nation. In present poem comparison nation tradition and legend with subject poem “Shejire”. Discuss problems folklore, artistic recreation history facts, subject poems and nation legend.

On the genre features of lyric-dramatic poems (on the example of I. Yusupov's poems “The Happiness of an Actress” T.Seytjanova “Fate”)
Saimbetov Sh.O.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

In the second half of the twentieth century, in Karakalpak poems, along with an expressive depiction of the truth of life, the masters of the literary word paid special attention to the wide use of the possibilities of the lyric genre, the activation of lyrical elements in the internal structure of poems. At the same time, in their composition there was a process of mutual synthesis between the lyrics and the epic. This, in turn, had a positive impact on the activation of dramatic elements in poems. As a result, the literary components in them, characteristic of the lyrical, epic, and dramatic dimensions, had a common unity, household materials were depicted in them with acute drama. Similar qualitative changes occurring in the internal structure of poems, today requires a deep study of the genre features of these works. Therefore, the article deals mainly with the genre features of lyro-dramatic poems. The genre features of lyro-dramatic poems are analyzed on the basis of scientific and theoretical reasoning by Russian and local literary scholars. The lyrical and dramatic images of epic plots in lyro-dramatic poems are analyzed. The synthesis (unity) of lyrical, epic and dramatic types of lyro-dramatic poems is revealed. The poems “Happiness of the Actress” and “Fate” are studied separately, these works are designated as lyro-dramatic poems.

М.Nurmuhammedov's contribution to the Karakalpak literature science
Mambetnazarova R.К.
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitarian Sciences of the Karakalpak Branch of Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Nukus

The article is devoted study vast holding fame scientist in karakalpak literary science. This article light up questions analysis scientist work karakalpak poets and writers. This article special celebrate important significance to place scientific works visible scientist – first academician karakalpak science. Author analysis social and scientific-research activity large scientist with world name. In work on basis materials, cumulative in regions study karakalpak prose speech being about direction scientific research scientist in karakalpak literature. This article also view questions correlation karakalpak literature with russian literature and celebrate scientific research scientist on study and advocacy creation heritage A.S.Pushkin's. Turn special attention on deeply and especial research publicism M.Nurmukhamedov's, examination he's problems droughty Aral sea and about his opened letter fame writer Chingiz Aitmatov. In work author support on fame works scientist – first academician karakalpak science, which present interest for researcher and especialists. This article celebrate, what many-sided scientific activity scientist demand additional research, so how leave many no study questions about his no publication works. Deeply scientific research expensive works visible scientist for karakalpak literature science appear actual problems modern time. The article wrote on basis science-theoretical research and publicism fame scientist karakalpak literature science. In the article the author reveals the contribution of the famous karakalpak scientist to the karakalpak science. The theme needs deep scientific research, because the necessity of study of scientific heritage of the 1st Academician of the karakalpak people has become imminent.

Pedagogical bases of formation at students of the biological faculty of aesthetic and ecological consciousness in external auditing
Zhabborov A.R.
Samarkand State University

The article discusses the pedagogical foundations of the formation of aesthetic and environmental consciousness - a peculiar and complex process of knowing the aesthetics of nature in conjunction with ecology with an indispensable exit to the conscious social and personal need to make a feasible contribution to the prosperity of the natural world. The program includes sections that reveal the aesthetics of the animal world, its individual representatives, the ecology and ecological dependence of the beauty of this world. The practice of cognition and perception of the beautiful in the animal world is offered, a reflection of aesthetic impressions in any feasible work, interests, a reference to one's own - a labor contribution to the protection and prosperity of the animal world, to independent enrichment of aesthetic and environmental knowledge. Aesthetically-ecological consciousness is represented schematically in the following model: positive and emotional-psychological disposition towards the object of nature; interest and need; interested direct perception and sensation; observation, understanding, comprehension; analysis and evaluation; attitude; ecological understanding of the conditions and fate of the perceived object of nature, judgments and conclusions of its aesthetic state, depending on environmental factors; provision of personal actions, activities, participation in public events to care for, protect and create environmentally necessary conditions for this object of wildlife.

Solving stationary problems of quantum mechanics in computer experiments
Dzhoraev M., Abdikamalov B.A., Khojanazarova R.M.
Tashkent State Pedagogika University
Karakalpak State University, Nukus

The method of using the computer algebra system Mathematica for studying stationary problems of quantum mechanics (potential pits, potential threshold and barrier, linear harmonic oscillator, quantum mechanical theory of a hydrogen-like atom, etc.) and during various types of educational process is proposed. It is shown that the solution of problems is reduced to the calculation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the corresponding operator. It is proposed to use various algorithms and expressions of computer algebra. From a methodological point of view, you should not limit yourself to using operators of the NDEigensystem and NDEigenvalues types. At the same time, the traditional mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics is presented in sufficient volume. During the implementation of the proposed calculation schemes, a deep analogy between quantum mechanics and wave optics is revealed. It is also shown that the computer method for solving problems of quantum mechanics should be used as the final stage of the studied phenomenon during lectures. At the same time, it is advisable to use the proposed technology constantly during practical classes, physical training and independent work of students.

Gurrent approaches to training future specialists for oil and gas industry in terms of digital technologies development
Sultanova G.S.
The branch Russian State University of oil and gas (NRU), Tashkent

The article presents an analysis of training for the oil and gas industry in the context of the development of digital technologies, factors are identified that increase the need for specialists and the reasons for the shortage of highly qualified personnel in the industry. It is noted that the developed Concept for the development of the oil and gas industry in 2030 sets the task of implementing large-scale projects with the participation of highly qualified personnel, whose training is currently concentrated in several universities of the republic. The introduction of digital technologies, the implementation of the Digital Field Concept at the current stage of development of the oil and gas industry, actualizes the need to realize a powerful innovative potential, which updates the quality of oil and gas education. Universities will have to overcome the current barrier between basic and applied scientific research, which is extremely relevant in the oil and gas industry on the one hand, and trends that have developed at the present stage in higher oil and gas education on the other.