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| About the department |
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Modern Karakalpak science has gone through a very difficult and thorny path. The lower reaches of the Amu Darya have long attracted the attention of researchers with their ancient culture, unique flora and fauna, and vast mineral reserves. It was attracted by the amazing Aral Sea, located among the sands, and rich in fish resources. To study all this, numerous expeditions were equipped, both of a scientific and intelligence and political nature. In the 20-30s of the twentieth century, systematic research of our region began. Research was conducted on the study of the natural resources and productive forces of the region, which were accompanied by a study of the cultural heritage of the Karakalpak people. Great work has begun on publishing the literary and folklore heritage, on compiling the basics of the grammar of the Karakalpak language. For these purposes, students of the Ethnological Faculty of Moscow State University N.A.Baskakov and A.Davlet were sent to Karakalpakstan from Moscow. In the late 1920s, the ethnographer A.Melkov joined their work. Their materials are of great importance today in the study of the ethnography of the peoples of Karakalpakstan at the beginning of the last century. At the same time, archaeological excavations began on the territory of Karakalpakstan, systematic work on compiling the history of the peoples of the East by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the former USSR. As a result of these works, the works "Materials on the study of the productive forces of the Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" and "Materials on the History of the Karakalpaks" (Moscow-Leningrad, 1934) were published. The survey work carried out on the territory of Karakalpakstan formed the basis for the organization of the then world-famous Khorezm Archaeological Expedition led by S.P.Tolstov.
The result of this activity was the opening in 1931 of the first scientific center in Karakalpakstan, the Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute. Not only personnel from the Center were involved in the work of the Institute, but the first local personnel from Karakalpakstan were also involved – K.Aimbetov, J.Urumbayev, K.Ubaydullaev, T.Bekimbetov.
During the Second World War, despite the difficulties, science continued to develop in Uzbekistan. In 1943, the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan was opened. And the following year, the Institute of Language and Literature was opened in Karakalpakstan. Nazhim Davkaraev was appointed Director of the Institute.
In the post-war years, the republic faced the question of including scientific papers in the Academy of Sciences. A special visiting session was organized to study the tangible and intangible culture and natural resources of Karakalpakstan. Following the speeches at the session of prominent scientists and the leadership of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, it was decided to include the Institute of Language and Literature in the system of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and its reorganization. Thus, in 1947, a decree was adopted on the organization of the Karakalpak Institute of Economics and Culture.
The Karakalpak IPCC has always been in the field of attention of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. Much attention was paid to personnel training. So, in the early 1950s, S.Kamalov and R.Kosbergenov defended their PhD theses, and N. Davkaraev defended his doctoral thesis. The election of Y.M.Dosumov as a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan in 1956 was an important event in the scientific life of the republic.
Taking into account the need for highly qualified personnel in the agricultural sector, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of Uzbekistan in 1957, the Karakalpak Institute of Economics and Culture was transformed into the Karakalpak Integrated Research Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. The main objectives of the Institute are to study the language, literature, folklore, history of the peoples of Karakalpakstan, study the economy and agriculture of the region, conduct geobotanical research, develop ways to increase agricultural productivity, etc.
Thus, by the end of the 1950s, great success had been achieved in the scientific research work of the republic. The Karakalpak Research Institute had highly qualified staff, most of whom were representatives of local cadres.
In November 1958, at a meeting of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, the issue of the results of scientific research at the KKNII was considered. On July 25, 1959, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of Uzbekistan, the Karakalpak branch of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan was established on the basis of the Integrated Institute. The branch was tasked with coordinating scientific and survey work in the region.
By the time of its opening, the branch consisted of the Institute of History, Language and Literature, laboratories of Parasitology, chemistry, botany, economic research and the Botanical garden. At that time, M.K. Nurmukhamedov, Candidate of Philological Sciences, later the first Karakalpak academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, was appointed Chairman of the branch.
The opening of the Karakalpak branch of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan in Nukus made it possible to concentrate fundamental scientific research in a single scientific center, which made it possible to coordinate scientific research in the republic, and enabled the normal development of scientific thought. The subject of scientific research covered the fields of national economy development, fishing, in the field of humanities – the study of the history of the Kazakh SSR, Karakalpak literature and folklore.
The branch's scientists provided timely recommendations to the government on the economic development of the republic. In particular, the expediency of building a pulp and paper mill for processing reeds in the republic, and the construction of an electrolysis plant for processing salts.
One of the first major achievements is the creation of a two-volume "Essays on the history of Karakalpakstan from ancient times to the present day", a collection of works by Karakalpak classical poets – Ajiniyaz, Kunkhodzhi, Omar, works on modern Karakalpak literature and language.
In 1991, the Karakalpak branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan received the status of the Karakalpak branch, and over the years of independence, the branch has risen to new levels of its development. The department has organized new institutes and divisions: the N. Davkaraev Institute of Language and Literature, the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, the Institute of Socio-Economic Problems of the Aral Sea Region, the Integrated Institute of Natural Sciences, the Institute of Bioecology, as well as the Botanical Garden, the Ustyurt Desert Station, the Muynak International Biostation, the fundamental library, the editorial office of the journal "The bulletin of KOH ANRUz.
Over the half-century period of its existence, the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a scientific center has received universal recognition in scientific activities among many countries of the near and far abroad.
A whole galaxy of prominent scientists in various scientific fields has grown and formed in the department. Among them, the late N.Davkaraev, K.Aimbetov, O.Kozhurov, K.Ubaidullaev and others, who laid the foundation of Karakalpak science and opened the way for its further development, earned national recognition for their selfless work. M.K. Nurmukhamedov (1974), S. Kamalov (1979), Ch.Abdirov (1989), T.B.Yeshchanov and A.Dauletov (1995), J.Bazarbayev, A. Bakhiev and H.Khamidov (2000) were elected full members of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. Currently, the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan employs 3 academicians, 8 doctors of sciences, about a hundred candidates of sciences, there are doctoral and postgraduate studies in more than 10 specialties.
From 1961 to 1996, Academician S. Kamalov served as chairman, in 1996-1997 – Academician Ch.Abdirov, in 1997-2004 – academician T.B.Yeshchanov, academician N.K.Aimbetov has been working in this position since 2004.
During the years of independence, the selfless work of many of our scientists has been highly appreciated by the government, and they have been awarded the highest awards of the country. Thus, the scientist-archaeologist G.Khozhaniyazov was awarded the high title of "Hero of Uzbekistan", academicians S.Kamalov, A.Bakhiev were awarded the Order of "El-yurt Khurmati", professors V.N.Yagodin and P.Tazhimuratov — the order of "Mehnat Shukhrati", B.Narymbetov — the order of "Dustlik", S.Toremuratov, B.Tleumuratova — The Shukhrat medal.
Since independence, one of the most important conditions for the formation of a democratic state and a civil society with a market economy has been defined as ensuring the further development of the country's scientific and technical potential through consistent, step-by-step improvement of the organization of research activities. An important step in this direction was the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 20, 2012 "On improving the organization of scientific and research activities", which identified and approved priority areas of scientific and technical development for the future and a list of names of state programs. These documents gave a clear idea that the development of priorities will be based on modern national goals and priorities of the state, taking into account global trends, historical and cultural traditions of Uzbekistan. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 233 dated August 18, 2009 "On measures to further stimulate the work of researchers" and the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 2, 2010. "On measures to further improve the system of training highly qualified scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel", aimed at strengthening financial incentives for researchers, depending on their scientific and labor contribution to the development of scientific research and the practical implementation of the results obtained, improving the system of training highly qualified scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, attracting gifted youth, The creation of conditions for the realization of her creative and intellectual potential through the creation of new institutions of postgraduate education – the institute of trainee researchers-applicants and senior researchers-applicants have become the next stages of improving the organization of research activities.
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 33 dated February 7, 2012 "On measures to further optimize the structure and improve the activities of scientific institutions of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan", aimed at improving the efficiency of research institutes in accordance with modern requirements, developing and strengthening the scientific potential of higher education institutions, strengthening the integration of science and production, involves solving organizational and structural issues of subordinate institutions of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, creating conditions for young people, capable scientists of the republic to participate in solving the most important fundamental and applied programs, in developing priority areas for the development of science for the benefit of the country. When optimizing the structure of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, it was decided to transform it by merging or partially liquidating research institutions.
According to the resolution, it is proposed to reorganize the scientific departments of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.:
1) on the basis of the Integrated Institute of Natural Sciences, the Institute of Bioecology and the Institute of Socio-Economic Problems of the Aral Sea Region of the Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the creation of the Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Natural Sciences of the KKO Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
2) on the basis of the N.Davkaraev Institute of Language and Literature and the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the formation of the Karakalpak Scientific Research Institute of Humanities of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. At the same time, according to paragraph 2 of this resolution, scientific institutions and centers newly created as a result of the reorganization must have the status of a legal entity with all banking and other details.
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